National University of Science and Technology “Moscow Institute of Steel and Alloys” (MISiS), Chair of Technology and Equipment of Tubemaking (Moscow, Russia):

Kolikov A. P., Dr. Eng., Prof., apkolikov@mail.ru

Kotelkin A. V., Cand. Eng., Senior research fellow
Zvonkov A. D., Cand Eng.
Matveev D. B., Cand. Eng., 
Lakiza Ya. A., Magister

Moscow State Technical Unversity “MAMI”, Chair of Carosserie Building and Metal Forming (Moscow, Russia):

Gladkov V. I., Cand. Eng., Prof. 

Examples of efficiency of determination of residual stresses in billets and constructions of different usage at the stages of their manufacture and operation are presented using the new method of X-ray diffractometry. To realize this method in industrial conditions, the portable X-ray diffractometer has been developed. Its main technical parameters are presented. The first stage includes determination of elastic deformation of crystal lattice using goniometer; on the second stage, residual stresses were determined, taking into account Guk law for connection between stresses and deformations. As a result of conducted investigations, efficiency of non-destructive control of multicomponent materials is shown; usage of portable diffracto metry has been approved for determination of residual stresses in the components operating in a wide range of industrial loads. During development of technological procedures of metal forming of different materials, it is recommended to take into account residual stresses as on the stage of billet fabrication, as well as on the stage of component manufacture via cold metal forming. It is shown that increase of compressing residual stresses up to 500–750 MPa at the depth up to 150–200 microns and increase of durability limit from 5% to 35% comparing to polishing ope ration have been displayed after strengthening of samples via surfacial plastic deformation at a shot blasting unit. In this case, it is expedient to achieve such distribution of stresses in the components that will guarantee its high quality and reliable ope ration in the future.

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