SMS Group (Düsseldorf, Russia):

Degel R., Dr.
Fröhling Ch.

E-mail (common): saf@sms-siemag.com

Paul Wurth (Luxembourg, Luxembourg):
Hansmann T.
Kappes H.
Barozzi S.

Increased landfill costs for steel mill waste residues, stringent environmental regulations and decreasing public acceptance of waste dumping is driving the iron and steel industry to apply environmentally balanced solutions on-site. There are numerous technologies to avoid the accumulation of waste and to convert hazardous materials into sellable products or to be used in-house. Additionally, it is the goal to treat almost all accumulated steel mill wastes in such a way that they can be utilized as raw materials in the production chain of steelmaking and avoiding the negative side effects on the steel quality and plant productivity with minimized overall steel plant emissions. This paper reflects possible waste recycling principles; rotary and multiple hearth furnaces, electric smelters, sinter plants, blast furnace injection technologies, cold briquetting technology, and also a pilot facility project is presented. The iron and steel industry accumulates considerable amount of steel mill wastes such as flue dust, sludge, secondary dusts, fines etc. in all process lines, starting with the ironmaking units and edging with the finishing lines. Zero waste steelmaking is, in many cases, not only possible but also economically feasible. SMS Group offers various suitable waste recycling solutions. The choice of the right solution and technology depends on the steel mill waste specification and the local conditions, including legislation.

1. Degel, R.; Fontana, P.: Zero waste steel making, Proc. SMS Demag seminar, Metec 2003, Düsseldorf, 25 Feb 2003.
2. Degel, R.; Metelmann, О.: Redsmelt — an environmentally friendly iron making process, Steel Times Int. (2000) No. 3, pp 30/33.
3. Reichel, J.; Rose, L.; Kempken, J.; Damazio, Μ. Α.; Carvalho, R. G.; Loss, H. В.; Pinto, Ε. M.; Dutra, J. R.; Karbowniczek, M.: Foamy slag in stainless steel production, European Electric Steel Making Conference, 19–21 May 2008, Krakow, Poland.
4. Methodfor producingfoamedslag on high-chromium melts in elect ric furnace, Patent US 20060260435 Al.
5. Degel, R.; Fontana, P.; De Marchi, G.; Lehmkühler, H. J.: A new generation of rotary hearth furnace technology for coal based DRI production, stahl u. eisen 120 (2000) No. 2, pp. 33/40.
6. Lehmkuehler, H.; Rath, G.; Hanewald, R.; Fontana, P.: Reclamation of iron and steel making residues on the Redsmelt process line incorporationthe InmetcobTechnology, Gorham Intertech Conf, 17 May 1999, Pittsburgh, USA.
7. Guglielmini, Α.; Pensieri, G.; De Simoni, F.; Barozzi, S.; Calcagno, R.; De Marchi, G.; Fontana, P.: Combining Redlron and cold treatment processes to optimize the recycling of iron-bearing residues at a large size integrated steel plant, Metec In Steel Con 2011, 30 June 2011, Düsseldorf, Germany.
8. Guglielmini, Α.; Pensieri, G.; De Simoni, F.; Barozzi, S.; Calcagno, R.; De Marchi, G.; Fontana, P.: Redlron — The best available cost effective solution for recycling iron bearing wastes from integrated iron and steel plants, Proc. AISTech 2011, 2–5 May 2011, Indianapolis, USA.
9. Roth, J. L.; Frieden, R.; Hansmann, Т.; Monai, J.; Solvi, M.; Primus, a new process for recycling by-products and producing virgin iron, Rev. Met. 98 (2001) No. 11, pp. 987/96.
10. Heard, R.; Hansmann, Т.; Roth, J. L.; Bolten, D.: Recycling of zinc-bearing residues with the Primus process, Iron & steelmaker 30 (2003) No. 3, p. 55/60.
11. Rodriguez, D.: Recyclingofvaluable metals fromby-products, SEAISI 2010, 23 Nov2010, Manila, Philippines.
12. Degel, R.; Kunze, J.: Innovative submerged arc furnace technology, EMC 2003, 17 Sept. 2003, Hannover, Germany, pp. 27/44.
13. Degel, R.; Schmale, К.; Kleinschmidt, G.; Oterdoom, Η.: AC and DC smelter technology for ferrous metal production, Infacon XII Conference, 6-9 June 2010, Helsinki, Finland.
14. Schmieden, H.; Schmale, К.; Degel, R.; Köneke, M.: Application potential of SMS DC smelter technology for the pyrometal-lurgical industryin Southern Africa, Pyro 2011 Conf., 3 April 2011, Johannesburg, South Africa.
15. van Niekerk, Α.: Latest trends of Metix solutions for the ferro alloy industry, SMS Sympos., 17 Nov 2011, Johannesburg. South Africa.
16. Degel, R.; Germershausen, Т.; Nörthemann, R.; Köneke, Μ.; van Niekerk, Α.: Innovative electric smelter solutions of the SMS group forthe ferro alloy and Si-metals industry, Infacon XIII Conf., ll june 2013, Almaty, Kazakhstan.
17. Degel, R.; Köneke, Μ.: Superior full-line process competence in ferrous and non-ferrous metals production, Metec In Steel Con 2011, SMS group Symposium, 30 June 2011, Düsseldorf, Germany.
18. de Frutos Santamaria, J. L; Nouaille-Degorge, G.; Fonseca de Morais, F.; Kinzel, K. P.: Paul Wurth Sinter Plant Technology 20^th IAS Steel Conf., 5 Nov 2014, Rosario, Santa Fe, Argentina.
19. Kappes, Η.; Michels, D.: Dry slag granulation with energy recovery; form inception to pilot plant, European Steel Environment and Energy Congress, 16 Sept 2014, Teesside University, UK.