State Scientific-Research and Project Institute of Rare-Metal Industry “Giredmet”, Moscow, Russia:

I. S. Lisitskiy, Senior Researcher
G. V. Polyakova, Senior Researcher, e-mail: gradan@mail.ru
V. F. Golovanov, Senior Researcher
M. S. Kuznetsov, Head of Laboratory of High-Pure Halide Materials for Optics

This paper investigates the dependence of spectral transmittance of thallium halide crystals KRS-6 (КРС-6) on growing atmosphere. The purpose of experiments is the choice of conditions, allowing to minimize the thalium halide decomposition on the final stage of optical material obtaining for laser engineering tools. Decomposition products are the impurities, activating the thallium halide dissociation process. Such impurities appear in the melt KRS-6 with dissociation of TlCl molecules with thallium ion and chlorine displacement formation in atmosphere. The formed metal ions are introduced into the growing crystals, decrease their glassiness and cause the decomposition process leading to the losses of optical qualities. Decomposition processes during growing may be under the effect of the atmosphere, where the growing process is carried out. Results of the earlier researches show the necessity of KRS-6 crystals growing on air. This paper shows an attempt to define the possibility of the choice of the growing atmosphere, which allow to obtain the KRS-6 crystals, having not only the wide spectral transmission band (from 0.42 to 30 μm), but also the low radiation absorption. Creation of optimal halogenating atmosphere investigates several halogene-containing additives. Crystals are grown in the halogenating atmospheres CCl₄, CHBr₃, SiCl₄.
This work was carried out with the financial support of the Ministry of Education and Science of Russian Federation. Federal Target Program “Investigations and developments on the priority ways of development of the scientific-technical complex of Russia for 2014-2020” within the project “Development of the technology of obtaining the new optical materials for tools and apparatuses of laser and/or infrared technics”. Agreement No. 14.576.21.0054. Unique identifier of applied scientific investigations (project) RFMEFI57614X0054.

1. Denisov S. P. Detektory сherenkovskogo izlucheniya (Cherenkov radiation detectors). Priroda = Nature. 2004. No. 7. pp. 22–30.
2. Rogalin V. E. Opticheskaya stoykost prozrachnykh materialov dlya moshchnykh SO₂-lazerov : dissertatsiya … kandidata fiziko-matematicheskikh nauk (Optical resistance of transparent materials for powerful CO₂-lasers : Dissertation … of Candidate of Physical and Mathematical Sciences). Moscow : A. M. Prokhorov General Physics Institute, 2010. 155 p.
3. Danilov V. V. Fiziko-tekhnicheskie parametry monokristallov dlya svetozvukoprovodov akustoopticheskikh ustroystv (Physical and technical parameters of monocrystals for light and sound conductors of acoustic optics tools). Tekhnologiya i konstruirovanie v elektronnoy apparature = Technology and design in electronic equipment. 2002. No. 4/5. pp. 62–64.
4. Zaletin V. M., Barkov I. P., Gazizov I. M. et al. Ispolzovanie kristallov TlBr dlya detektorov rentgenovskogo x- i γ-izlucheniya (Using TlBr crystals for x- and γ-radiation detectors). Atomnaya energiya = Atomic energy. 2009. Vol. 106, No. 4. pp. 214–217.
5. Hitomi K., Murori O., Hurabuki R. et al. Recent progress in thallium bromide detectors for x- and γ-ray spectroscopy. Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research A. 2001. Vol. 458. pp. 365–369.
6. Onodera T., Hitomi K., Muroi O. et al. Characterization of Thallium Bromide Radiation Detectors. Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A. 2006. Vol. 568. pp. 129–133.
7. Kažukauskas V., Jurgilaitis A., Vaitkus J. V., Gostilo V., Shorohov M. Photoelectrical phenomena and current kinetics in TlBr. Materials Science (Medziagotyra). 2008. Vol. 14, No. 2. pp. 97–100.
8. Gazizov I. M., Zaletin V. M., Kukushkin V. M., Khrunov V. S. Current Response of a TlBr Detector to Cs-137 gamma-Ray Radiation. Semiconductors. 2011. Vol. 45, No. 5. pp. 636–640.
9. Shulgin B. V., Kruzhalov A. V., Petrov V. L. Detector materials and devices for radiation monitoring. News of higher education institutions. Physics. 2012. Vol. 51. pp. 205–208.
10. Zhukova L., Korsakov A., Chazov A. et al. Photonic crystalline IR fibers for spectral range of 2–40 M. Applied Optics. 2012. Vol. 51, No. 13. pp. 2414–2418.
11. Darvoyd T. I., Bochkarev E. P., Lebedev V. N. et al. Korrelyatsiya obemnoy luchevoy prochnosti monokristallov KRS-6 s drugimi opticheskimi kharakteristikami (Correlation of bulk optical strength of monocrystals KRS-6 with other optical characteristics). Optiko-mekhanicheskaya promyshlennost = Soviet Journal of Optical Technology. 1981. No. 1. pp. 26–28.
12. Kuznetsov M. S., Zaramenskikh K. S., Lisitskiy I. S. Vliyanie atmosfery vyrashchivaniya na kharakteristiki kristallov TlBr. Chast 1. Spektralnoe propuskanie i svetorasseyanie (Influence of growing atmosphere on the characteristics of TlBr crystals. Part 1. Spectral passing and light scatter). Tsvetnye Metally = Non-ferrous metals. 2011. No. 4. pp. 81–84.
13. Lisitskiy I. S., Polyakova G. V., Golovanov V. F., Kuznetsov M. S. Vliyanie rezhimov vyrashchivaniya kristallov TlCl – TlBr i TlBr – TlI na strukturnoe sovershenstvo kristallov (Influence of TlCl – TlBr and TlBr – TlI crystal growing modes on structural perfection of crystals). Tsvetnye Metally = Non-ferrous metals. 2015. No. 12. pp. 64–70. DOI: 110.17580/tsm.2015.12.12
14. Korsakov A. S., Zhukova L. V., Korsakov V. S. et al. Termodinamicheskie funktsii protsessov rastvoreniya galogenidov odnovalentnogo talliya i serebra v vode i galogenvodorodnykh kislotakh (Thermodynamic functions of the processes of dissolution of one-valent thallium and silver halides in water and halogenhydrogen acids). Butlerovskie soobshcheniya = Butlerov Communications. 2014. Vol. 37, No. 3. pp. 27–36.
15. Korsakov A. S., Zhukova L. V., Korsakov V. S. et al. Izuchenie protsessa kristallizatsii galogenidov odnovalentnogo talliya i tverdykh rastvorov KRS-6 i KRS-5 v vode i nevodnykh rastvoritelyakh (Investigation of crystallization of one-valent thallium halide and solid solutions KRS-6 and KRS-5 in water and nonaqueous solvents). Butlerovskie soobshcheniya = Butlerov Communications. 2014. Vol. 38, No. 5. pp. 48–55.
16. Zhukova L. V., Korsakova E. A., Zhukov V. V., Korsakov V. S. Termodinamicheskoe issledovanie kristallov sistemy AgBr – TlI i poluchenie IK-svetovodov nanokristallicheskoy struktury na ikh osnove (Thermodynamic research of the crystals of AgBr – TlI system and obtaining of infra-red light conductors with nanocrystallic structure, based on these crystals). Tsvetnye Metally = Non-ferrous metals. 2013. No. 4. pp. 62–66.
17. Lisitskiy I. S., Polyakova G. V., Golovanov V. F., Kuznetsov M. F. Zavisimost spektralnogo propuskaniya kristallov galogenidov talliya ot atmosfery vyrashchivaniya. Chast I (Dependence of spectral transmittance of thallium halide crystals on growing atmosphere. Part I). Tsvetnye Metally = Non-ferrous metals. 2016. No. 6. pp. 74–79. DOI: 10.17580/tsm.2016.06.10
18. TU 2631-060-44493179–00. Uglerod chetyrekhkhloristyy osoboy chistoty. OP-3 (Technical Requirements 2631-060-44493179-00. High-purity tetrachlorated carbon. OP-3). (in Russian).