National University of Science and Technology MISiS, Moscow, Russia:

P. A. Loginov, Researcher of Scientific and Research Center of Self-Spreading High-Temperature Synthesis MISiS-ISMAN, e-mail: pavel.loginov.misis@list.ru
D. A. Sidorenko, Researcher of Scientific and Research Center of Self-Spreading High-Temperature Synthesis MISiS-ISMAN
M. Ya. Bychkova, Researcher of Scientific and Research Center of Self-Spreading High-Temperature Synthesis MISiS-ISMAN
E. A. Levashov, Director of Scientific and Research Center of Self-Spreading High-Temperature Synthesis MISiS-ISMAN, e-mail: levashov@shs.misis.ru

New compositions of bindings were developed for diamond-cutting instruments in the Fe — Ni — Mo system. They are modified with nanoparticles of wolfram carbide, hexagonal boron nitrite and carbon nanotubes. The influence of addition of modifiers on the structure as well as mechanical and wear properties of the binding was demonstrated. It was established that the given nanoparticles are not mutually replaceable, the effect of their introduction sums up. The nano-modified Fe – Ni – Mo bindings are 15% stronger than the initial ones, with the samples, containing all three types of nanoparticles, having the maximal characteristics. The increased level of mechanical properties through addition of nanoparticles into the binding occurs due to blocking of recrystallization during hot pressing and, consequently, the formation of highly dispersive structure (by Hall – Petch strengthening). It was determined that the average size of matrix grains in the nano-modified samples equals 0.4 μm, which is 50% lower than in the case of samples with the initial binding. The tribological tests, conducted on the developed compositions, showed that the wear tolerance of nano-modified bindings supersedes the initial ones by 2–3.5 times. The high wear resistance enables a successful application of Fe – Ni – Mo bindings with hybrid nanoparticles in diamond instruments, used for processing of abrasive materials (concrete, stone).
This work was carried out with the financial support of the Russian Foundation for Basic Research and Moscow Government within the scientific project No. 15-38-70019 «мол_а_мос».

1. Yilmazkaya E., Ozcelik Y. The Effects of Operational Parameters on a Monowire Cutting System: Efficiency in Marble Processing. Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering. 2016. Vol. 49, Iss. 2. pp. 523–539.
2. Wang L., Guo S., Gao J., Yang L., Hu T., Peng J., Hou M., Jiang C. Microwave sintering behavior of FeCuCo based metallic powder for diamond alloy tool bit. Journal of Alloys and Compounds. 2017. Vol. 727. pp. 94–99.
3. Gruneis H., Gruneis T. Metal Powder Report. 1998. Vol. 53. p. 30.
4. Graham W., Nee A. Y. C. The grinding of tool steels-a comparison between diamond and cubic boron nitride. Production Engineer. 1974. Vol. 53, Iss. 6. pp. 186–191.
5. Konstanty J. Powder Metallurgy Diamond Tools. Elsevier, Oxford. 2005. 192 p.
6. Konstanty J. S., Tyrala D. Wear mechanism of iron-base diamond-impregnated tool composites. Wear. 2013. Vol. 303, Iss. 1–2. pp. 533–540.
7. Gao C., Yuan J. Efficient drilling of holes in Al₂O₃ armor ceramic using impregnated diamond bits. Journal of Materials Processing Technology. 2011. Vol. 211, Iss. 11. pp. 1719–1728.
8. Liu J., Li J., Xu C. Interaction of the cutting tools and the ceramic-reinforced metal matrix composites during micro-machining: A review. CIRP Journal of Manufacturing Science and Technology. 2014. Vol. 7, Iss. 2. pp. 55–70.
9. Cheng M., Liu H., Zhao B., Huang C., Yao P., Wang B. Mechanical properties of two types of Al₂O₃/TiC ceramic cutting tool material at room and elevated temperatures. Ceramics International. 2017. Vol. 43, Iss. 16. pp. 13869–13874.
10. Zaitsev A. A., Kurbatkina V. V., Levashov E. A. Features of the influence of nanodispersed additions on the process of and properties of the Fe – Co – Cu – Sn sintered alloy. Russian Journal of Non-Ferrous Metals. 2008. Vol. 49, No. 5. pp. 414–419.
11. Sun Y., Wu H., Li M., Meng Q., Gao K., Lü X., Liu B. The effect of ZrO₂ nanoparticles on the microstructure and properties of sintered WC-bronze-based diamond composites. Materials. 2016. Vol. 9, Iss. 5. Article number 343.
12. Alecrim L. R. R., Ferreira J. A., Gutiérrez-González C. F., Salvador M. D., Borrell A., Pallone E. M. J. A. Effect of reinforcement NbC phase on the mechanical properties of Al₂O₃ – NbC nanocomposites obtained by spark plasma sintering. International Journal of Refractory Metals and Hard Materials. 2017. Vol. 64. pp. 255–260.
13. Firestein K. L., Steinman A. E., Golovin I. S., Cifre J., Obraztsova E. A., Matveev A. T., Kovalskii A. M., Lebedev O. I., Shtansky D. V., Golberg D. Fabrication, characterization, and mechanical properties of spark plasma sintered Al – BN nanoparticle composites. Materials Science and Engineering: A. 2015. Vol. 642. pp. 104–112.
14. Wang J., Li L. Q., Tao W. Crack initiation and propagation behavior of WC particles reinforced Fe-based metal matrix composite produced by laser melting deposition. Optics & Laser Technology. 2016. Vol. 82. pp. 170–182.
15. Loginov P. A., Levashov E. A., Kurbatkina V. V., Zaitsev A. A., Sidorenko D. A. Evolution of the microstructure of Cu – Fe – Co –Ni powder mixtures upon mechanical alloying. Powder Technology. 2015. Vol. 276. pp. 166–174.
16. Sidorenko D., Mishnaevsky L. Jr., Levashov E., Loginov P., Petrzhik M. Carbon nanotube reinforced metal binder for diamond cutting tools. Materials & Design. 2015. Vol. 83. pp. 536–544.
17. de Oliveira H. C. P., Coelho A., Amaral P. M., Fernandes J. C., Rosa L. G. Comparison between Cobalt and Niobium as a Matrix Component for Diamond Impregnated Tools Used for Stone Cutting. Key Engineering Materials. 2013. Vol. 548. pp. 98–105.
18. Konstanty J. Sintered diamond tools: trends, challenges and prospects. Powder Metallurgy. 2013. Vol. 56, Iss. 3. pp. 184–188.
19. Oliver W. C., Pharr G. M. Improved technique for determining hardness and elastic modulus using load and displacement sensing indentation experiments. Journal of Materials Research. 1992. Vol. 7, Iss. 6. pp. 1564–1580.
20. Meyers M. A., Mishra A., Benson D. J. Mechanical properties of nanocrystalline materials. Progress in Materials Science. 2006. Vol. 51, Iss. 4. pp. 427–556.