Peter the Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic University (St. Petersburg, Russia):

I. V. Butorina, Dr. Eng., Professor, e-mail: butorina_irina@mail.ru

Baltic State Technical University (St. Petersburg, Russia):
M. V. Butorina, Cand. Eng., Associate Prof., e-mail: butorina_mv@voenmch.ru

A brief description of household wastes and an overview of methods of their disposal in metallurgical furnaces studied or implemented at domestic enterprises and abroad have been given. It is shown that at the current level of technology, household waste can be divided into combustible and non-combustible. The combustible component of household waste (paper, plastic, wood, textiles, rubber and food waste) currently accounts for 60% of all garbage. These materials can be used as solid fuel, since their total calorific value is 20 MJ / kg, which is comparable to the calorific value of low-grade coals. When burning the combustible component of household waste, toxic gases, slag and effluents are formed, which should be neutralized. Thermal neutralization of household waste in metallurgical furnaces characterized by high temperature is not accompanied by emissions of stable organic compounds, but all other toxins — dust, heavy metals, acid oxides — are present in these emissions. It has been shown that to date, success has been achieved in the utilization in metallurgical furnaces of various components of household waste: scrap metal and individual elements of the combustible component. The largest number of developments relates to the use of waste plastic in metallurgical units, which is widely used in the EU as a substitute for pulverized coal injected into a blast furnace. Plastic waste is also used as carbon fuel in the production of coke and in the briquetting of metallurgical iron-containing waste. Spent rubber products can be added to converter smelting as a substitute for coal. Vanyukov’s furnaces with a liquid bath and their modified designs are able to utilize only part of the sorted garbage. The capacity of metallurgical furnaces for waste disposal is small, no more than 15% of all combustible household waste can be thermally neutralized in them, providing state stimulation of metallurgical enterprises to activities of this kind.

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