Siberian Federal University, Krasnoyarsk, Russia:

N. V. Marchenko, Associate Professor, Department of General Metallurgy1, Candidate of Technical Sciences, e-mail: natashmarchenk@mail.ru
O. N. Kovtun, Associate Professor, Department of General Metallurgy1, Candidate of Technical Sciences

Fine dusts are mainly produced as a result of sublimation of highly volatile components during pyrometallurgical processing. The chemical composition of sublimates drastically differ from that of the primary raw material and sublimates contain volatile valuable components, such as zinc, lead, cadmium, antimony, indium, germanium, arsenic and rare metals. Such dusts are predominantly processed with the help of pyrometallurgical techniques, which are associated with high processing costs and low-quality products requiring further processing. This paper describes a hydrometallurgical technique for processing fine copper smelter dusts while defining optimum process parameters. It is proposed to use a sulphuric acid solution at the temperature of 60 ^oС and with the acid concentration of 130 g/l as a leaching solution for dusts. In these conditions, the following elements transfer to the solution, %: 96–97 Zn; 38–40 Cu; 68–70 Sn; 74–75 Cd; 94–95 Ge; 20–22 Sb; 18–20 As; 68–70 Fe. After leaching, the resultant multicomponent solution has the following composition, g/l: 37–38 Zn; 8–10 Cu; 13.1–13.2 Fe; 1.0–1.1 As; 0.2–0.3 Sb; 0.9–1.0 Cd; 0.5–0.55 Sn; 0.14–0.15 Ge. It is proposed to use such techniques as hydrolysis, cementation, concentration by evaporation and others to recover these metals from the solution. The proposed dust disposal technique helps tackle two tasks: it prevents the potential impact on the environment and human health and diversifies ore utilization. An equipment setup was designed, and a feasibility study was carried out for the proposed technique.

1. Marchenko N. V., Oleynikova N. V. Comprehensive processing of mineral, secondary and man-made raw materials containing heavy non-ferrous metals. Production of heavy non-ferrous metals. In three parts. Part 2. Metallurgy of copper, nickel and cobalt: Textbook. Krasnoyarsk : SFU, 2018. 270 p.
2. Zaczkowski S., Kurtys M., Sobierajski S., Kramer D. Processing of copper smelter lead dust in a shaft furnace. Patent PL, No. 70803. Published: 02.09.1974.
3. Lukomskaya G. A., Mavlyanov K. A., Khalmatov M. M. Processing of fine converter dusts produced by a copper smelter site of Almalyk MMC. Gornyy vestnik Uzbekistana. 2005. No. 1. pp. 23–27.
4. Masajo K., Mikio O., Hidenori N. Processing of dust in the factory of the company “Mitsui kinzoku”. Nihon kara kaysi. 1985. No. 2. 1166. pp. 247–251.
5. Ferlay S. Zinc recovery from electric steel making furnace dust – by leaching with sodium hydroxide soln. Patent FR, No. 2510141. Published: 28.01.1983.
6. Navtanovich M. L., Romazanova I. I. Understanding the process of leaching lead and zinc from the Norilsk MMC converter precipitator dusts. Optimized processing of raw ore and semiproducts in nickel and cobalt industry. Leningrad, 1985. pp. 68–72.
7. Yakornov S. A., Panshin A. M., Kozlov P. A., Ivakin D. A. Modern state of leaching technologies for ferrous metal dusts and their pyrometallurgical processing products (acid, ammonium and alkaline technologies). Tsvetnye Metally. 2017. No. 5. pp. 37–43.
8. Gökhan O. Learching and cementation of heavy metals from electric arc furnace dust in alkaline medium. Hydrometallurgy. 2005. Vol. 78, No. 3-4. pp. 236–245.
9. Nagib S., Inoue K. Recovery of lead and zinc from fly ash generated from municipal incineration plants by means of acid and/or alkaline leaching. Hydrometallurgy. 2000. Vol. 56, No. 3. pp. 269–292.
10. Frenay J., Hissel J., Ferlay S. Recovery of lead and zinc from electric steelmaking furnace dusts by the Cebedeau process. Recycle and Secondary Recovery of Metals. Warrendale, PA : TMS, 1985. pp. 195–208.

11. Frias C., Palma J., Martin D., Diaz E. The ZINCEX technology a safe and profitable way for zinc dusts and oxides recycling. The 4^th European Metallurgical Conference “EMC 2007”. Dusseldorf, Germany, 2007. Vol. 3. p. 1107.
12. Kamalov K. O., Laptev V. M., Akhmarov F. I. Recycling of zinc-containing copper-smelting production dusts with obtaining of zinc pigments. Tsvetnye Metally. 2015. No. 7. pp. 29–32.
13. Marchenko N. V., Kovtun O. N., Alekseev D. E. On the processing of fine dust generated by the Urals copper smelters. Sinergiya Nauk. 2018. No. 29. pp. 1157–1166.
14. Khrennikov A. A., Maltsev G. I., Lebed A. B., Naboychenko S. S. On recovery of germanium and zinc from copper smelter dusts. Tsvetnye Metally. 2006. No. 3. pp. 40–44.
15. Naboychenko S. S., Lebed A. B., Maltsev G. I., Khrennikov A. A., Radionov B. K., Shidlovskaya I. P., Dubrovin P. V. Method of recovering and concentrating germanium from solutions. Patent RF, No. 2293779. Published: 20.02.2007. Bulletin No. 19.
16. Marchenko N. V., Oleynikova N. V. Comprehensive processing of mineral, secondary and man-made raw materials containing heavy nonferrous metals. Production of heavy non-ferrous metals. In three parts. Part 1. Metallurgy of lead, zinc and cadmium: Textbook. Krasnoyarsk : SFU, 2018. 276 p.
17. Yakimov I. S. Developing the techniques of and software for structural and phase analysis by X-ray diffraction: Extended abstract of doctoral dissertation. Novosibirsk, 2013.
18. Yakimov I. S., Dubinin P. S., Piksina O. E. Regularized multireflection reference intensity ratio method for quantitative X-ray phase analysis of polycrystalline materials. Zavodskaya laboratoriya. Diagnostika materialov. 2009. pp. 71–80.