Cherepovets State University (Cherepovets, Russia):

N. N. Yashalova, Dr. Econ., Associate Prof., Head of Economics and Management Dept., e-mail: natalij2005@mail.ru
V. S. Vasiltsov, Dr. Econ., Associate Prof., e-mail: 3297@rambler.ru

Plekhanov Russian University of Economics (Moscow, Russia):
I. M. Potravny, Dr. Econ., Prof., Basic Dept. “Management on Capital Group Projects and Programs”, e-mail: ecoaudit@bk.ru

The analysis of the challenges of ferrous metallurgy transition to low-carbon development in the framework of the implementation of the Paris Agreement on Climate by the Russian Federation is given. The analysis of theoretical, applied and statistical information reveals the essence of decarbonization, the conditions for the introduction of environmental standards, determines the dynamics, vector and reasons for changes in the volume of greenhouse gas emissions at the global, national and branch levels. The problematic of the influence of the size and methods of calculating nationally determined contributions and financial assistance on the competitiveness of metal producers is presented. The estimation of greenhouse gas emissions in the metallurgical industry is given. Recommendations for decarbonization of the industry by increasing the energy efficiency of production, the introduction of “green” technologies are formulated. It is shown that the introduction of a carbon tax to stimulate the reduction of greenhouse gas emissions in the industry can lead to significant loss of profit at ferrous metallurgy enterprises and restrictions on investment activities.
The study was carried out with the financial support of the Russian Foundation for Basic Research (RFBR) within the framework of the scientific project No. 18-010-00549.

1. Summary for Policymakers [Electronic resource] Available at: https://www.ipcc.ch/site/assets/uploads/sites/2/2019/05/SR15_SPM_version_report_LR.pdf (accessed: 17.07.2020).
2. Ecology and economics: dynamics of air pollution in the country on the eve of the ratification of the Paris Agreement. Byulleten o tekushchikh tendentsiyakh rossiyskoy ekonomiki. 2019. No. 52. 24 p.
3. Environment. Offi cial website of the Federal State Statistics Service. Available at: https://www.gks.ru/folder/11194 (accessed: 17.02.2020).
4. Busby J. W., Shidore S. When decarbonization meets development: The sectoral feasibility of greenhouse gas mitigation in India. Еnergy Research & Social Science. 2017. Vol. 23. pp. 60–73.
5. Makarov I. А., Chen Kh., Paltsev S. V. Consequences of the Paris Climate Agreement for the Russian economy. Voprosy ekonomiki. 2018. No. 4. pp. 76–94.
6. Prammer J. The actual problems of current decarbonization. Chernye Metally. 2019. No. 1. pp. 55–59.
7. Mikhelson А. D. Explanation of 25,000 foreign words that have come into use in the Russian language, with the designation of their roots. Moscow: Izdanie knigoprodavtsa А. I. Manukhina, 1865. 718 p.
8. Krysin L. P. New dictionary of foreign words: the most common foreign words that entered the Russian language in the XVIII-XX and early XXI centuries. Moscow: Eksmo, 2005. 475 p.
9. Gupta A. K, Hall C. A. S. A Review of the Past and Current State of EROI Data. Sustainability. 2011. Vol. 3, Iss. 10. pp. 1796–1809.

10. Offi cial site of PJSC “Severstal” [Electronic resource] Available at: https://www.severstal.com/rus/media/news/document24033.phtml (accessed: 17.02.2020).
11. Peters K. M., Colla E. V. The European steel technology platform’s strategic research agenda: a further step for the Steel as backbone of EU resource and energy intense industry sustainability. Metallurgia
Italiana. 2019. No. 5. pp. 5–17.
12. Ariyama T. Perspective toward long-term global goal for carbon dioxide mitigation in steel industry. Tetsu to Hagane-Journal of the Iron and Steel Institute of Japan. 2019. Vol. 105, Iss. 6. pp. 567–586.
13. Azevedo J. M. C., Serrenho A. C., Allwood J. M. Energy and material efficiency of steel powder metallurgy. Powder Technology. 2018. Vol. 328. pp. 329–336.
14. Energy saving in ferrous metallurgy [Electronic resource] Available at: http://mec-energo.ru/2011-10-03-19-09-18 (accessed: 20.07.2020).
15. Katunin V. V., Zinovyeva N. G., Petrakova Т. М., Ivanova I. М. Key performance indicators of Russia’s ferrous metallurgy in 2018. Chernaya metallurgiya. Byulleten nauchno-technicheskoy i ekonomicheskoy informatsii. 2019. Vol. 75. No. 3. pp. 293–315.
16. Katunin V. V., Petrakova Т. М., Ivanova I. М. Key performance indicators of Russia’s ferrous metallurgy in 2017. Chernaya metallurgiya. Byulleten nauchno-technicheskoy i ekonomicheskoy informatsii. 2018. No. 4. pp. 6–28.
17. Lüngen H. B., Sprecher М. Flexible solutions in the iron and steel industry for reducing carbon dioxide emissions and increase of production efficiency. Chernye Metally. 2017. No. 11. pp. 64–71.
18. Altynbaeva E. R., Akhmetova I. G. Technologies for the use of secondary energy resources during operation and their consideration during design. Vestnik Kazanskogo gosudarstvennogo energeticheskogo universiteta. 2010. No. 3. pp. 6–11.
19. Ratner S. V., Iosifov V. V. Cost barriers to the diffusion of alternative energy technologies in Russia. Ekonomicheskiy analiz: teoriya i praktika. 2013. No. 40. pp. 25–33.
20. Motosova Е. А. Potravny I. М. Pros and cons of introducing a carbon tax: foreign experience and Russia’s position on the Kyoto Protocol. EKO. 2014. No. 7. pp. 180–189.
21. Potravny I. М., Motosova Е. А. Economic mechanisms for implementation of ecological policy in subsoil use. Gornyi Zhurnal. 2014. No. 12. pp. 27–30.
22. Risks of the implementation of the Paris Climate Agreement for the economy and national security of Russia. Analytical report by IPEM. 2016 [Electronic resource] Available at: http://www.ipem.ru/files/files/other/doklad_riski_realizacii_parizhskogo_klimaticheskogo_soglasheniya_dlya_ekonomiki_i_nacionalnoy_bezopasnosti_rossii.pdf (accessed: 20.07.2020).
23. Roginenko S. А., Shevelev L. N. Paris Agreement and Russian metallurgy: time to reduce risks and promote energy saving. Stal. 2018. No. 12. pp. 61–66.
24. Leeson D., Mac Dowell N., Shah N., Petit C., Fennell P. S. A Technoeconomic Analysis and Systematic Review of Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS) Applied to the Iron and Steel, Cement, Oil Refining and Pulp and Paper Industries, as well as other High Purity Sources. International Journal of Greenhouse Gas Control. 2017. Vol. 61. pp. 71–84.