Mining Institute of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Perm, Russia

A. A. Baryakh, Research Supervisor, Academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Doctor of Engineering Sciences, bar@mi-perm.ru
A. V. Evseev, Researcher, Candidate of Engineering Sciences
P. A. Glebova, Junior Researcher
E. L. Vasilieva, Junior Researcher

Ground deformation prediction and control is a high priority in salt mi ning supervision. This is conditioned by the essentiality of safety of the civil and industry facilities in the undermined areas, and by the fact that this information is the framework for the engineering criteria of safety of impermeable strata and mine protection from flooding. This article proposes a real-time technological and methodical chart of the ground subsidence prediction and control on the basis of in-situ measurement of horizontal convergence in roadways. It is found that horizontal and vertical deformation of rib pillars feature to a steady correlation. The analysis of representative experimental data shows that the ground subsidence velocity is governed by the sum of the vertical deformations of rib pillars in the mined-out seams. The advantages of this procedure are its promptness, low labor input and the ability to evaluate contribution made by each workable seam mining in the deformation intensity and displacement of undermined rock mass, which is extremely important for identifying measures of mine protection from flooding. Furthermore, in terms of the parametric provision of the mathematical stress–strain analysis of undermined rock mass in time, it becomes possible to verify the function of creep for each workable seam, which greatly improves reliability of geomechanical predictions.
The study was supported by the Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian Federation, Registration No. 122012000403-1.

1. Instructions (activity) for protection of Uralkali’s mines from flooding and for safety of ground surface facilities during hazardous underground mining at the Upper Kama potassium-magnesium salt deposit. Perm : Berezniki, 2022. 118 p.
2. Baryakh A. A., Tenison L. O. Justification of engineering safety criteria for undermining of water-proof layer in the Upper Kama Salt Deposit. Gornyi Zhurnal. 2021. No. 4. pp. 57–63.
3. Instructions for rock mass and ground surface displacement during underground ore mining. Moscow : Nedra, 1988. 74 p.
4. Kutepov D. V., Gordienko M. V., Rebenok E. V. Monitoring of mine subsidence and deformations over flooded mining districts. Zhurnal teoreticheskoy i prikladnoy mekhaniki. 2020. No. 3 (72). pp. 65–71.
5. Kharisova O. D., Kharisov T. F. Analysis of long-term instrumental observations and prediction of emergency events at the Saranovskoye field. Problemy nedropolzovaniya. 2020. No. 2(25). pp. 134–143.
6. Chen Y. et al. Accuracy verification and correction of D-InSAR and SBAS-InSAR in monitoring mining surface subsidence. Remote Sensing. 2021. Vol. 13. No. 21. DOI: 10.3390/rs13214365
7. Bush V., Khebel Kh. P., Shaffer M., Valter D., Baryakh A. A. Subsidence control in undermined areas using radar interferometry. Marksheideriya i nedropolzovanie. 2009. No. 2 (40). pp. 38–43.
8. Kashnikov Y. A., Musikhin V. V., Lyskov I. A. Radar interferometry-based determination of ground surface subsidence under mineral mining. Journal of Mining Science. 2012. Vol. 48, No. 4. pp. 649–655.
9. Rauche H. Die Kaliindustrie im 21, Jahrhundert. Berlin-Heidelberg : Springer Vieweg, 2015. 580 s.
10. Benzen Kh. Potash industry in Germany. Glückauf. 2009. No. 1.
11. Zubov V. P. Applied technologies and current problems of resource-saving in underground mining of stratified deposits. Gornyi Zhurnal. 2018. No. 6. pp. 77–83.
12. Waclawik P., Ptacek J., Konicek P., Kukutsch R., Nemcik J. Stress-state monitoring of coal pillars during room and pillar extraction. Journal of Sustainable Mining. 2016. Vol. 15. pp. 49–56.
13. Maj A. Rock-mass movement monitoring system in historical salt mines, using the example of the Bochnia Salt Mine. Procedia Engineering. 2017. Vol. 191. pp. 496–503.
14. Fuławka K., Mertuszka P., Pytel W. Monitoring of the stability of underground workings in Polish copper mines conditions. E3S Web of Conferences 2018. Vol. 29. pp. 1–14.
15. Baryakh A. A., Evseev A. V., Lomakin I. S., Tsayukov A. A. Operational control of rib pillar stability. Eurasian Mining. 2020. No. 2. pp. 7–10.
16. Rules of protection of structures and objects of nature from harmful impact of underground mining in coal fields. Saint-Petersburg : VNIMI, 1998. 291 p.
17. Akimov A. G., Gromov V. V., Boshenyatov E. V., Zelentsov S. N. Geomechanical aspects of rock mass movement in underground coal and ore mining. Yakovlev D. V. (Ed.). Saint-Petersburg, 2003. 166 p.
18. Posylny Yu. V., Teterin E. A. Research procedure for rock mass thickness influence on maximal land subsidence. GIAB. 2008. No. 1. pp. 115–121.
19. Li Ling, Bin Zhang, Wen Li. Integrated monitoring and control technology for stability of room and pillar goaf. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science. 2019. Vol. 237. No. 5.
20. Baryakh A. A., Sanfirov I. A., Fedoseev A. K., Babkin A. I., Tsayukov A. A. Seismic–geomechanical control of water-impervious strata in potassium mines. Journal of Mining Science. 2017. Vol. 53. No. 6. pp. 981–992. DOI: 10.15372/FTPRPI20170602
21. Baryakh A. A., Samodelkina N. A. Rheological analysis of geomechanical processes. Journal of Mining Science. 2005. Vol. 41, No, 6. pp. 522–530.