Academician Melnikov Institute of Comprehensive Exploitation of Mineral Resources—IPKON, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
P. G. Patskevich, Head of Laboratory, Candidate of Engineering Sciences
I. I. Aynbinder, Chief Researcher, Doctor of Engineering Sciences, Professor, geoexpert@yandex.ru

In the conditions of mining advance to ultra-deep horizons, a new approach is required to using available technologies to implement advanced and safe mining methods at the minimized risk of natural and manmade accidents, and industrial traumatism, with industrial safety control. Furthermore, the labor productivity increase and the mining safetyimprovement should never be mutually exclusive categories. In ultra-deep mining, safety should be provided through proper support of development galleries in the zone of stoping to ensure stability of mine structures. The main factors governing transition of mining operations to ultra-deep horizons at the depths more than 2.0 km are considered. The critical factor is the geomechanical factor associated with the induced stress–strain behavior of rock mass around mine workings and mined-out spaces and determining the nature of rock pressure events, including the most dangerous form—a rock burst. Great complications in ultra-deep mining are also connected with the increase in the temperature of rock mass, i.e. with the geothermal factor. These factors significantly influence the choice and justification of a mining technology. It is shown that on the ultra-deep horizons in mines, the main direction of the technology development is associated with the use of the cut-and-fill systems which allow the greatest extent of introduction of technologies using artificial intelligence, automation and robotization of production.

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