The results of investigations of geological structures of caldera type, their dimensions, mechanism of forming and connections (reconstruction) of paleo-stresses with up-to-date stressed state of rock massifs in deposits localized in calderas are presented. The techniques for calculations and models allowing to predict destruction processes of mining excavations and take preventive measures on the stage of designing of development of deposits are shown on the example of Tulukuevskoe caldera and Antey uranium deposit.