ПРОИЗВОДСТВО ЧУГУНА И СТАЛИ | |
ArticleName | Использование водорода для восстановления железной руды. Современное состояние |
ArticleAuthor | К.-Г. Такке, Р. Штеффен |
ArticleAuthorData | Докт.-инж. К.-Г. Такке, генеральный директор по науке, акционерное общество Aktiengesellschaft der Dillinger Hüttenwerke, Диллинген, ФРГ; докт.инж. Р. Штеффен, генеральный директор, Институт стали Общества немецких металлургов, Дюссельдорф, ФРГ |
Abstract | В статье обобщены результаты использования водорода для прямого восстановления железной руды (в идеальном случае восстановление водородом предполагает полное отсутствие выбросов CO2), приведены данные по реакционной способности водорода и существующим процессам, рассмотрены имеющиеся виды сырья для получения водорода и сопутствующие им выбросы CO2, дана оценка и сравнение затрат при использовании различных восстановителей. |
References | 1. Aichinger, H. M; Mühlheims, K.; Lungen, H. B.; Schierloh, U.; Strieker, K. P.: stahl u. eisen 121 (2001) No. 5, p. 59/66. 2. von Bogdandy, L.; Engeil, H.-J.: Die Reduktion der Eisenerze, Verlag Stahleisen, Düsseldorf, 1967. 3. Edström, J. O.: J. Iron Steel Inst. 75 (1953) No. 11, p. 289/304. 4. von Bogdandy, Z.: Arch. Eisenhüttenwes. 32 (1961) No. 5, p. 275/86. 5. Reifferscheid, M.; Xie, Y.-K.; Tacke, K.-H.: Hydrogen reduction of iron ore fines in stationary fluidised beds, Proc. Int. Symp. Global Environment and Iron and Steel Industry ISES '98, April 1998, Beijing, China, p. 164/69. 6. Steffen, R.; Tacke, K.-H.; Pluschkell, W.: Grundlagenuntersuchungen zur umweltfreundlichen Reduktion von Eisenerz mit Wasserstoff, ECSC Final Report of VDEh, Europ. Commission EUR 18559, 1998. 7. Pluschkell, W. et al.: Arch. Eisenhüttenwes. 41 (1970) No. 8, p. 715/21 and 44 (1973) No. 3, p. 161/66. 8. Neuschütz, D.: steel res. 62 (1991) No. 8, p. 333/37. 9. Wenzel, W.; Block, F. R.; Wortberg, E.: Arch. Eisenhuttenwes. 43 (1972) No. 11, p. 805/09. 10. Bäck, E.; Hiebler, H.: BHM 143 (1998) No. 5, p. 153/58. 11. Cheeley, R.; Meissner, D.: Personal Information, Midrex Corp. 12. Knop, K.: stahl u. eisen 122 (2002) No. 11, p. 43/51. 13. Squires, M.; Johnson, C. A.: J. Metals (1957) No. 4, p. 586/90. 14. Lubker, R. A.; Bruland, K. W.: J. Metals (1960) No. 4, p. 321/24. 15. Reed. T. F.; Agarwal, J. C.; Shipley, E. H.: J. Metals (1960) No. 4, p. 317/20. 16. Hassan, A.; Whipp, R.: Fior and its improved process for the production of HBI, Iron and Steel Scrap, Scrap Substitutes and Direct Steelmaking Conf, 27-29 April 1994, Atlanta, USA. 17. Böhm, W.; Eberle, A.; Eichberger, K.; Neubauer, E.; Patuzzi, A.: Smelting reduction and direct reduction of iron ores, Int. Conf. Pre-Reduced Products and Europe, 23-24 Sept. 1996, Milan, Italy, p. 246/57. 18. Hillisch, W.; Zirngast, J.: Steel Times Int. (2002) No. 3, p. 20/22. 19. www.sivensa.com.ve/espanol/ingles/cuerpo-revista-4.htm. 20. Peer, G.: The Finmet direct reduction technology, Metal Bulletin's 12th Int. Iron Ore Symp., 14-16 April 2002, Barcelona, Spain, www.metalbulletin.com/speak-erpapers/ironore/ironore.asp. 21. Schlebusch, D.; Bresser, W.; Weber, P.: MPT Int. (1995) No. 2, p. 46/57. 22. Hirsch, M.; Husain, R.; Weber, P.; Eichberger, H.: Circored and Circofer — development of new direct reduction technologies to ensure low cost feed materials for Europe's electric arc steel makers, Int. Conf. Pre-Reduced Products and Europe, 23-24 Sept. 1996, Milan, Italy, p. 268/76. 23. Elmquist, S. A.; Weber, P.; Eichberger, H.: stahl u. eisen 122 (2002) No. 2, p. 59/64. 24. U.S. Department of Energy, www.eren.doe.gov 25. Bünger, U.: Perspektiven einer künftigen Wasserstoffproduktion: Verfahren — Mengen-Preise, 6 Oct. 1997. 26. Dreier, T.; Wagner, U.\ BWK 52 (2000) No. 12, p. 41/46. 27. BP Hydrogen Business Development: www.h2net.org.uk/PDFs 28. Putting Carbon Back Into the Ground, Report, IEA Greenhouse Gas RεtD Programme, Feb. 2001, www.ieagreen.org.uk 29. Arlt, W.: Chem. Eng.Technol. 26 (2003) No. 12, p. 1217/24. 30. www.ieagreen.org.uk/hydrogen.htm, h2ch5.htm 31. www.statoil.com 32. Lackner, K. S.; Wendt, C. H.; Butt, D. P.; Joyce, E. L.; Sharp, D. H.: Energy 20 (1995) No. 11, p. 1153/70. 33. Lackner, K. S.: Science 300 (2003) No. 6, p. 1677/78. 34. Herzog, H. J.: Environm. Sci. and Techn. 35 (2001) No. 7, p. 148/53 A. 35. Herzog, H.; Drake, K.; Adams, E.: CO2 capture, reuse and storage technologies for mitigating global climate change, Final Report, DOE DE-AF22-96PCo1257, Jan. 1997. 36. Wallace, D.: Capture and storage of CO2 — what needs to be done, COP6, The Hague, 13-24 Nov. 2000, IEA Public Information Office, www.iea.org/envissu/cop6/capstor.pdf 37. Review of Energy Developments and Options to Reduce CO2 Emissions, Report IISI, Committee on Technol., Nov. 2000, Brussels, Belgium. 38. Williams, R. H.: Advanced energy supply technologies, [in:] Energy and The Challenge of Sustainability, Report World Energy Assessment, New York, 2000, p. 273/329, www.princeton.edu/~cmi/research/captureppr.shtml 39. Williams, R. H.: Nuclear and alternative energy supply options for an environmentally constrained world, 20th Anniv. Conf. Nuclear Control Institute, April 2001, Washington, DC, USA, www.princeton.edu/~cmi/research/captureppr.shtml 40. Ogden, J. M: Prospects for building a hydrogen energy infrastructure, Annual Review of Energy and the Environment, 11 June 1999. 41. Spath, P.; Lane, J. M.; Mann, M. K.; Amos, W. A.: Update of hydrogen from biomass-determination of the delivered cost of hydrogen, Milestone Report for the U.S. DEO's Hydrogen Program, April 2000. 42. Wurster, R.; Zittel, W.: Hydrogen energy, Workshop Energy Technologies to Reduce CO2 Emissions in Europe, Energieonderzoek Centrum Nederland, 11-12 April 1994, Petten, The Netherlands. 43. www.co2captureproject.org 44. web.mit.edu/newsoffice/nr/1996/41927.html 45. Hryn, J. N.: Electrolytic reduction of iron ore, AISI's CO2 Breakthrough Program Concept Discovery Workshop, 8 Sept. 2003, Cleveland/Ohio, USA. |
Language of full-text | russian |
Full content | Buy |