Irkutsk State Technical University, Irkutsk, Russia

V. A. Domracheva, Professor of a Chair of Minerals Concentration and Engineering Ecology, e-mail: domra@istu.edu
G. Shiyrav, Post-graduate Student of a Chair of Minerals Concentration and Engineering Ecology

The problem of environmental pollution is now acquired global significance. Strengthening industrial impact on the environment has caused a number of environmental problems that cut across the habitat of living organisms. Discharge of contaminated water into water reduces the quality natural waters. The appearance in the environment of harmful substances to humans, animals, plants, and ultimately leads to disruption of dynamic ecosystems. To clean wastewater from heavy metals are used physical-chemical, chemical and other methods. The sorption acceptable method of cleaning and purification of wastewater from heavy metal ions is most effective and environmentally. Carbon sorbents are perspective sorbents with high surface area, developed pore structure, active functional groups on the surface of sorbents. The results of studies on the extraction heavy metal ions (Cu²⁺, Fe²⁺, Fe³⁺ and Mo⁶⁺) from aqueous solutions in dynamic conditions by carbon sorbents derived from Mongolian brown coal. To study sorption in dynamic conditions used frontal chromatographic method. For desorption metal ions and regeneration of sorbents used solutions of mineral acid (hydrochloric or sulfuric). Desorption metal ions was performed in static and dynamic sorption at temperature (20±2) ^оC. The processes of adsorption and desorption metal ions in dynamic conditions was carried in the column with inner diameter — 16 mm, height of the sorbent layer — 128 mm, unit load — 10 h^–1 for sorption, 4 h^–1 for desorption, linear sorption rate — 1,27 m/h, desorption — 0,64 m/h, initial concentration of metals — 5,7 mg/l. Dynamic exchange capacity (DEC) activated carbon ABB (AББ) in relation to metal ions, mg/g: 4,3 Cu (II); 2,9 Fe (II); 2,41 Fe (III); 1,82 Mo (IV). DEC activated carbon ABSh (AБШ) in relation to metal ions, mg/g: 2,45 Cu (II); 1,88 Fe (II); 2,08 Fe (III); 1,18 Mo (IV). Sorption activity of sorbent ABB by metals is much higher than the sorbent ABSh. Total exchange capacity activated carbon ABB in relation to metal ions, mg/g: 5,0 Cu (II); 4,46 Fe (II); 3,6 Fe (III); 2,25 Mo (IV), TEC activated carbon ABSh in relation to metal ions, mg/g: 3,02 Cu (II); 3,5 Fe (II); 2,45 Fe (III); 1,97 Mo (IV). Desorption metal ions and regeneration sorbent was performed by solutions of mineral acid. Using the 4% hydrochloric acid make it possible maximum extraction of metal ions.

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