Ural Federal University named after the first President of Russia B. N. Yeltsin, Ekaterinburg, Russia:

I. D. Kashcheev, Professor, Head of a Chair of Chemical Technology of Ceramics and Refractory Materials
K. G. Zemlyanoy, Senior Lecturer, e-mail: kir77766617@yandex.ru
Yu. K. Malikov, Director of Science-Recearch Center “Energy Saving and Automation”

“SVYATOGOR” JSC, Krasnouralsk, Russia:

A. E. Sablin, Chief Engineer

Refractory materials, used in the working layer of lining, play the most important role in duration and reliability of reverberatory copper smelting production furnaces. Application of new and more qualitative refractory products is required for increasing of operational and economic characteristics and improvement of lining. The pilot tests of the following types of refractory materials were carried out in lining of reverberatory furnace of “Svyatogor” JSC: MLP materials (mullite dense, МЛП), PShPTs-80 materials (periclase-spinel brick, ПШПЦ-80), C-104 materials, KMTs materials (corundum-mullite zirconium, КМЦ) and KhATs-30 materials (chromium-aluminium-zirconium, ХАЦ-30). There was established that products received the following residual length after service: 125 mm — C-104; 40 mm — MLP; 180 mm — PShPTs-80; 150 mm — KhATs-30; 126 mm — KMTs. The main destructive factors in reverberatory copper smelting furnace are sudden changes in temperature and chemical effects from fayalite slag (31–36% (wt.) of SiO₂, 32–38% (wt.) of FeO, 7–10% (wt.) of Fe₂O₃, 4–8% (wt.) of CaO, 1–4% (wt.) of MgO, 1–3% (wt.) of S, 0,02–0,6% (wt.) of Cu, 3–5% (wt.) of Zn and 0,1–0,3% (wt.) of Pb) and charge pulverized raw materials with high process temperatures. Unmodified and working zones are formed during the pilot operation in the products. These zones are different by chemical and phase composition and content of glass phase. Number of glass phase in MLP products is 35–40%, while number of glass phase in KhATs-30 and KMTs products is in the range of 10–15%. At the same time, amount of glass phase in fused refractory materials C-104 is no more than 3–5%. Glass phase is not found in the PShPTs-80 products. Absorption of iron oxides in the PShPTs-80 products forms the complex solid solutions (Mg,Fe)O(Al,Fe)₂O₃ on the basis of noble spinel (MgOAl₂O₃) and, as a consequence, absence of liquid phase. The content of MgOAl₂O₃ spinel ensured the improved thermal and operational resistance to the PShPTs-80 products.

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2. GOST 10888–93. Izdeliya vysokoogneupornye periklazokhromitovye dlya kladki svodov staleplavilnykh pechey. Tekhnicheskie usloviya (State Standard 10888–93. High-refractory chromite-periclase products for arch lining of steel-smelting furnace roofs. Technical requirements). Introduced: January 01, 1998.
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