Rhein Westfalen Technical University RWTH (Aachen, Germany):

Senk D., Dr. Eng., Univ. Prof., Chair of Iron and Steel Metallurgy, Dept. of Ferrous Metallurgy, e-mail: dieter.senk@iehk.rwyh-aachen.de

Steel material has the high potential to change technical properties in a wide range by varying the chemical composition and structure. Already a variation of several ppm of elements’ concentration can result in remarkable effects as well as different cooling velocities. The integration of sciences, production technologies and preparation of available resources are fundamentals to link interfaces between steel design and steel production; this is an important part of cooperation in the field of “Material Science and Engineering”. In this paper some ideas and definitions of high quality and new steel grades have been stressed. Both, sustainable development of grades and design of new steels with new and exceptionally combined properties challenge the development of metallurgical processes. Existing plants are not always convenient to process new grades because the design of the aggregates in an existing steel plant is optimized for the manufacturing of conventional steel grades. Raw material changes its composition along the time line so that the demand on adaption rises here, too. In alloying material the so-called tramp elements are not analysed in many cases but their effect on solidification or crack formation can be severe concerning segregation and precipitation. Scrap, particularly alloyed, instead of iron made of ore will be the upcoming source for steel production in central Europe; an interaction of steel design, process metallurgy and scrap preparation will be necessary to overcome problems of steel purity in several aspects. The international group of metallurgists on iron and steel processes is researching on optimum ways and means to meet present and future challenges of steel design before bottlenecks within the realization of new products might emerge.

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2. Imlau, K.-P.; Heller, T.; Hofmann, H.: Werkstoffentwicklungen für Flachprodukte – Stand und zukünftige Herausforderungen, Proc. 26^th ASK Aachener Stahlkolloquium, 19 − 20 May 2011, Aachen, pp. 77/89.
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6. Tiekink, W.: Al₂O₃ in steel and its transformation with calcium, TU Delft, The Netherlands, 2012 (PhD thesis), also textbook at IEHK, RWTH Aachen Univers., 2014.
7. Senk, D.: Effects of Casting Flux Interaction with Steel Melt on Lubrication in CC Moulds, Ther-Mec, Berlin, 2009; Materials Science Forum 638-642 (2010), pp. 3628/33.
8. v. Schweinichen, P.; Chen, Z.; Senk, D.; Lob, A.: Met. Mat. Trans. A, 44A (2013) No. 12, pp. 5416/6523.
9. Engl, B.; Senk, D.; Schmitz, J. W.; Offergeld, A.: Verfahren zum Erzeugen eines Warmbandes aus einem einen hohen Mangangehalt aufweisenden Stahl, Deutsches Patentamt, DE 10060948 C2, registered 6 Dec 2000, published 31 July 2003.
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11. Daamen, M.; Senk, D.; v. Schweinichen, P.; Richter, S.; Hirt, G.: Strip casting and ingot casting: Comparison of different cooling conditions regarding the as cast quality, ibd., pp. 1271/81.
12. Erdem, E.: Mikroseigerungsverhalten von Niob in unterschiedlichen Erstarrungsstrukturen für Stahlstrangguss, RWTH Aachen University, Shaker Verlag Aachen, 2011 (Dr.-Ing. thesis).
13. Mees, H.: Chromverschlackung bei der Erzeugung von chromhaltigen Schmelzen im Elektrolichtbogenofen und die Möglichkeiten zu deren Verringerung, RWTH Aachen University, Shaker Verlag, Aachen, 2012 (Dr.-Ing. thesis).
14. Senk, D.; Meyer, F. M.; Pretz, T.; Abrasheva, G.: Rev. Met. (2012) No. 5, pp. 333/39.
15. Peymandar, M.; Schmuck, S.; v. Schweinichen, P.; Senk, D.: Interfacial reactions between slag and melt in the new world of high manganese steels, Proc. EPD Congr. San Diego, USA, 16 – 20 Feb 2014, pp. 291/98.
16. N. N.: Scrap Specifications Circular 2013, [ed.:] ISRI Institute of Scrap Recycling Industries Inc., Washington D.C., USA, 2013.
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18. Zeichner, M.; Senk, D.; Feiks, S.: Investigation on CTM-alloyed Cr-steel cleanliness and its segregation behaviour, Proc. 8th Clean Steel Conf., Budapest, Hungary, 14 − 16 May 2012.
19. Zhang, X.; Chen, Z.; Liu, X.; Maqbol, S.: Numerical and experimental investigation of fluid flow in lange ingot up-hill casting process, Proc. 5^th Intern. Conf. Modelling and Simulation of Met. Processes in Steelmaking (STEELSIM), Ostrava, Czech Rep., 9 − 10 Sept 2013.
20. Weerts, H.; Senk, D.; Sattler, L.; Beiler, C.; Janosch S.: On-line determination of steel cleanliness during ladle metallurgy, Proc. 8th Clean Steel Conf., Budapest, Hungary, 14 – 16 May 2012.
21. Lob, A.; Senk, D.; Hallstedt, B.: steel res. intern. 82 (2011) No. 2, pp. 108/13.
22. Senk, D.; Christmann, K.: Solubility and removal of hydrogen and nitrogen in high Mn steels, Proc. 2^nd Intern. Conf. on High Manganese Steel, 31 Aug – 4 Sept. 2014, Aachen, E2-04-101.
23. Brune, T.; Senk, D.; Steenken, B.: Hot ductility behaviour of microalloyed high manganese steels, ibd.
24. Senk, D.: Modules of the Rapid Ingot Modeling System, Proc. Inter. Conf. on Ingot Casting, Rolling and Forging (ICRF), 3 − 7 June 2012, Aachen.
25. Berger, C.: Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik in Deutschland – Herausforderungen in der Vielfalt, Proc. 26^th ASK Aachener Stahlkolloquium, 19 − 20 May 2011, Aachen, pp. 9/18.