Author 1:
Name & Surname: Sokolov E. M.
Company: Tula State University (Tula, Russia)
Work Position: Head of department, Professor
Scientific Degree: Doctor of Engineering Sciences
Contacts: dmitrov83@mail.ru

Author 2:
Name & Surname: Sheinkman L. E.
Company: Tula State University (Tula, Russia)
Scientific Degree: Professor
Scientific Degree: Doctor of Engineering Sciences

Author 3:
Name & Surname: Dergunov D. V.
Company: Tula State University (Tula, Russia)
Scientific Degree: Engineer
Scientific Degree: Candidate of Engineering Sciences

Author 4:
Name & Surname: Denisov V. N.
Company: Tula Division, Russian State University of Trade and Economics (Tula, Russia)
Scientific Degree: Head of department
Scientific Degree: Candidate of Economic Sciences

Phenolic compounds in mine effluents impair surface and ground water. Removal of phenolic compounds from mine water is a topical scientific problem and a critical practical task of the environmental security in coal mining. Many flow charts of removal of phenolic compounds from mine water treat effluents with coagulating and flocculating agents. This results in bulk sedimentation, increases salt content, fails to reduce organic pollutants to maximum permissible limit and entails considerable expenses. Aimed to minimize ecological damage by phenolic compounds in mine water, Advanced Oxidation Processes (AOP, Fe³⁺/H₂O₂/UV) based on using hydroxyl radicals as oxidizers of organic compounds have been considered. This article gives an illustration of cost calculation in photochemical water treatment by AOP with oxidizers Н₂О₂, FeCl₃ and UV light in terms of water bodies in Vorkuta industrial area (Pechora Coal Basin) polluted with phenols in mine effluents. The damage of water is estimated as 374,714 thousand rubles annually. The current operating cost of treatment of mine waste water with phenolic compounds using a photochemical reactor, considering preset process variables including cost of accumulation of oxidizing agents Н₂О₂ and FeCl₃, and cost of power supply makes 91,673 thousand rubles per year, which is the level of probable averted ecological-and-economic damage caused to the Vorkuta river by phenolic compounds in mine effluents given the introduction of photochemical treatment at the cost of 283,041 thousand rubles annually. The discussed procedure enables estimating the current operating cost of newly designed photochemical reactors for organic matter-bearing waste water purification. The economic appraisal mechanism is applicable to estimating necessary financial means to prevent ecological and economic damage caused to the environment by phenol-containing water discharge from operating mines, and by closure or putting in prolong storage of unprofitable underground and surface mines.

1. O sostoyanii i ispolzovanii vodnykh resursov Rossiyskoy Federatsii v 2012 godu : Gosudarstvennyy doklad (About the state and use of water resources of Russian Federation in 2012 : State report). Moscow : NIA-Priroda, 2013. 370 p. (in Russian)
2. Volkovskaya S. G., Grishchenko A. E. Puti obespecheniya ekologicheskoy bezopasnosti ugledobyvayushchego Vorkutinskogo promyshlennogo rayona Respubliki Komi (Ways of provision of ecological safety of coal-mining industrial region in Vorkuta (Komi Republic)). Gornyy Informatsionno-Analiticheskiy Byulleten = Mining Information-Analytical Bulletin. 2004. No. 9. pp. 220–223.
3. Moiseev I. I. Okislitelnye metody v tekhnologii ochistki vody i vozdukha (Oxidation methods in water and air purification technology). Izvestiya Rossiyskoy Akademii Nauk. Seriya: Khimiya = Proceedings of Russian Academy of Sciences. Series: Chemistry. 1995. No. 3. pp. 578–588.
4. Karmazinov F. V., Kostyuchenko S. V., Kudryavtsev N. N., Khramenkov S. V. Ultrafioletovye tekhnologii v sovremennom mire (Ultra-violet technologies in modern world). Dolgoprudnyy : Publishing House «Intellekt», 2012. 392 p.
5. Litter M. I., Quici N. Photochemical Advanced Oxidation Processes for Water and Wastewater Treatment. Recent Patents on Engineering. 2010. Vol. 4, No. 3. pp. 217–241.
6. Muruganandham M., Suri R. P. S., Jafari Sh., Sillanpää M., Gang-Juan L., Wu J. J., Swaminathan M. Recent Developments in Homogeneous Advanced Oxidation Processes for Water and Wastewater Treatment. International Journal of Photoenergy. Vol. 2014 (2014), Article ID 821674. 21 p. Available at: http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/821674.
7. Ma J., Ma W., Song W., Chen C., Tang Y., Zhao J., Huang Y., Xu Y., Zang L. Fenton Degradation of Organic Pollutants in the Presence of Low-Molecular-Weight Organic Acids: Cooperative Effect of Quinone and Visible Light. Environmental Scientific Technology. 2006. Vol. 40, No. 2. pp. 618–624.
8. Kajitvichyanukula P., Lu M. C., Jamroensan A. Formaldehyde Degradation in the Presence of Methanol by Photo-Fenton Process. Journal of Environmental Management. 2008. Vol. 86, No. 3. pp. 545–553.
9. Oppenländer Th. Photochemical Purification of Water and Air. Advanced Oxidation Processes (AOPs): Principles, Reaction Mechanisms, Reactor Concepts. Weinheim : WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH, 2003. 368 p.
10. Ruppert G., Bauer R. UV-О₃, UV-H₂O₂, UV-TiO₂ and the photo-Fenton reaction — comparison of AOPs for wastewater treatment. Chemosphere. 1994. Vol. 28. pp. 1447–1454.
11. Malley Jr. J. P. Advanced Oxidation Process Basics and Emerging Applications in Water Treatment. IUVA News. 2008. Vol. 10, No. 2. pp. 15–19.
12. Advanced Photochemical Oxidation Processes. Washington : United States Environmental Protection Agency, 1998. 97 p. Available at: http://www.inspectapedia.com/water/EPA_Photochemical_Oxidation.pdf (accessed: August 07, 2015).
13. Borges F. J., Roux-de Balmann H., Guardani R. Modeling Electrodialysis and a Ptotochemical Process for Their Integration in Saline Wastewater Treatment. Brazilian Journal of Chemical Engineering. 2010. Vol. 27, No. 3. pp. 473–482.
14. Moghaddami M., Raisee M. Performance and Energy Consumption Analysis of UV-H₂O₂ Photoreactors Using Computational Fluid Dynamics. International Journal of Environmental Science and Development. 2012. Vol. 3, No. 4. pp. 387–392.
15. Coenen Th., Van de Moortel W., Logist F., Luyten J., Van Impe J. F. M., Degrève J. Modeling and geometry optimization of photochemical reactors: Single- and multi-lamp reactors for UV–H₂O₂ AOP systems. Chemical Engineering Science. 2013. Vol. 96. pp. 174–189.
16. Sokolov E. M. et al. Razrabotka reaktora dlya udaleniya fenolnykh soedineniy iz vodnykh sred na osnove optimalnogo planirovaniya usovershenstvovannykh okislitelnykh protsessov (Reactor design for phenol compound removal from aqueous mediums on the basis of optimal planning of improved oxidation processes). Izvestiya vuzov. Severo-Kavkazskiy region. Estestvennye nauki = Proceedings of Universities. North-Caucasian region. Natural Sciences. 2013. No. 5. pp. 79–83.
17. Available at: http://www.komirec.ru/Reestr/DBView/protokol.asp. (accessed: July 24, 2015). (in Russian)
18. Available at: http://www.consultant.ru/. (in Russian)