National University of Science and Technology “MISiS”, Moscow, Russia:
S. A. Tavolzhanskiy, Assistant Professor of a Chair of Casting Process Technologies, e-mail: Stavolj@gmail.com
K. F. Koletvinov, Post-Graduate Student

Consumption of high temperature solders in Russia is distinguished by many different alloys and gauges of wires and rods. The greater part of wire and rod solders in Soviet Union were produced by non-ferrous metal-working plants like a secondary kind of product. At these plants solders were produced by traditional technological schemes, using the equipment for large-scale production of wires and rods of non-ferrous alloys. Nowadays, when Russian industry is on decline, the described practice of manufacturing of high temperature solders is not effective. High profitableness of solder manufacturing in Russia may be ensured using technological schemes with minimum metallurgical operations. It may be achieved by approaching initial gauge of billet to final gauge of wire and rod products. The possibility of upward continuous casting usage for manufacturing of copper–phosphorus and copper-zinc solders (4, 6 and 10 mm diameter) is shown in this article. The continuous casting billets depending on alloy composition may be used as the final product in the form of wire and rod solder or as an intermediate product for drawing. The advantages of upward continuous casting for small cross section billets in comparison with downward and horizontal continuous casting are indicated. The demands to industry realization are formulated on the basis of investigation. Some technical-economic indicators of upward continuous casting of copper-base alloys in comparison with traditional technological schemes used in Russia non-ferrous metal-working plants are presented. Further areas of research are provided.

1. Tavolzhanskiy S. A., Pashkov I. N., Koletvinov К. F. Developing and using alternative methods of continuous casting to make a narrow range of hightemperature solders. Metallurgist. 2014. Vol. 57, iss. 9. pp. 944–948.
2. Rantanen M. Upcast-Outokumpu method of producing copper wire rod. Wire industry. 1976. Vol. 43. pp. 565–567.
3. Bakhtiarov R. A., Vorobeva L. A. Proizvodstvo slitkov tyazhelykh tsvetnykh metallov metodami polunepreryvnogo i nepreryvnogo litya (Production of ignots of heavy non-ferrous metals by methods of semicontinuous and continuous casting). Moscow : TsvetMetInformatsiya, 1974. 98 p.
4. Schlesinger M. E., King M. J., Sole K. C., Davenport W. G. Extractive metallurgy of copper. Fifth edition. Oxford : Elsevier, 2011. 472 p.
5. Sekulic D. P. Advances in brazing: science, technology and applications. Woodhead Publishing, 2013. 628 p.
6. Spravochnik po payke (Forging reference book). Under the editorship of I. E. Petrunin. Third edition. Moscow : Mashinostroenie, 2003. 480 p.
7. Grishanovich K. V. Issledovanie protsessa izotermicheskogo pressovaniya i razrabotka tekhnologii polucheniya provoloki iz besserebryanykh mednofosforistykh pripoev: dissertatsiya na soiskanie uchenoy stepeni kandidata tekhnicheskikh nauk (Research of the process of isothermal pressing and development of the technology of wire obtaining from nonsilvar copperphosphorous blanks: Dissertation … of Candidate of Engineering Sciences). Minsk, 1984. 145 p.
8. Osintsev O. E., Fedorov V. N. Med i mednye splavy. Otechestvennye i zarubezhnye marki : spravochnik (Copper and copper alloys. Russian and foreign grades : reference book). Moscow : Mashinostroenie, 2004. 336 p.
9. Li M., Zinkle S. J. Physical and mechanical properties of copper and copper and copper alloys. Comperehensive nuclear materials. 2012. Vol. 4. pp. 667–690.
10. Tavolzhanskii S. A., Pashkov I. N. Effect of the composition of brazing alloys of the copper-phosphorus-antimony system on the structure and properties of copper alloys. Welding international, woodhead publishing limited. 2013. Vol. 27, No. 9. pp. 694–697.
11. Arseneva N. S., Kazantsev E. A., Sulitsyn A. V., Zheleznyak L. M., Marushchak L. N., Glukhova O. L. Tekhnologiya proizvodstva svarochnoy provoloki iz razlichnykh splavov na Kamensk-Uralskom Zavode po Obrabotke Tsvetnykh Metallov (Technology of production of welding wire from various alloys at Kamensk-Uralsky non-ferrous processing plant). Metallurg = Metallurgist. 2008. No. 3. pp. 67–69.
12. Kats A. M., Raykov Yu. N., Romantsev B. A. Perspektivnyy protsess proizvodstva prutkovo-provolochnoy produktsii na osnove gorizontalnogo nepreryvnogo litya i goryachey vintovoy prokatki (Prospective process of production of bar-wire products on the basis of horizontal continuous casting and hot screw rolling). Tsvetnye Metally = Non-ferrous metals. 2002. No. 2. pp. 104–107.