| Abstract |
The powder, made from wastes of mechanical treatment of VT-22 (ВТ-22) alloy ingots was manufactured by using powder metallurgy methods. Our paper considers the possibility of this powder being used in treatment, production, as well as cladding by plasma coating method. When compacting the samples, we investigated the influence of various additives with high plasticity, which contribute to stiffening of VT-22 powder particles. We also studied the influence of compacting force and sintering modes. Based on the obtained data, it was established that the optimal content of VT-22 powder for obtaining of high-quality pressings should not be higher than 75%. VT-22 powder may be used, through powder metallurgical methods, to obtain both composite and homogeneous solid products with addition of the same powder obtained by HDH method. We also found the most prospective type of composition to obtaining composite materials with good strength properties. Protective coatings on steel padding were obtained by plasma spraying. We made the adhesion test of one part of the coating samples: the test was made with padding by three-point bending. The corrosion resistance test of the other part was made in a salt fog chamber. When carrying out the latest test on combined coatings, we found the corrosion pit, which showed low protective properties. The three-point bending test showed a good adhesion of coatings with padding. Therefore, the obtained coatings have rather high durability properties, but rather low anticorrosion properties. After plasma coating, we collected the powder, sent through the plasma, to investigate the influence of orifice gas on VT-22’s powder properties. After sending the powder through the plasma, there was almost no change to its physical and technological properties, chemical composition and particle morphology. We confirm the possibility of a repeated usage of the powder.
This work was carried out with the financial support of the Ural Branch of RAS (grant No. 15-17-3-41). |
| References |
1. Kolobov G. A., Pruttskov D. V., Shcherbina A. I., Pavlov V. V., Drozdenko A. V., Gomonay V. I., Sekeresh K. Yu., Drozdenko M. V. Waste titanium alloys as raw material source for powder metallurgy of titanium. Titan. 2011. No. 1. pp. 9–15.
2. Kolobov G. A. Pozhuev V. I., Telin V. V. Secondary titanium. Part 1. Zaporozhe : Izdatelstvo Zaporozhskoy gosudarstvennoy inzhenernoy akademii, 2006. 124 p.
3. Kolobov G. A. Recycling of wastes of titanium and titanium alloys. Novi materiali i tekhnologii v metallurgii ta mashinobuduvanni. 2013. No. 1. pp. 138–140.
4. Zakharov M. N., Romanova O. V., Rybalko O. F., Ilinykh S. A., Dolmatov A. V., Gelchinskiy B. R. Possibilities of processing and production involving for the wastes of mechanical treatment of titanium and titanium alloy products. Proceedings of the congress “Tekhnogen-2017”. Ekaterinburg : UrO RAN, 2017. pp. 394–396.
5. Ivashchenko V. P., Kuris Yu. V., Kolobov G. A. Scientific aspects of recycling of the sub-standard titanic waste. Vostochno-Evropeyskiy zhurnal peredovykh tekhnologiy. Prikladnaya fizika i materialovedenie. 2011. Vol. 52, No. 4/5. pp. 23–25.
6. Smetkin A. A. Trends of development of the processes of obtaining of titanium materials using powder metallurgy method. Vestnik PNIPU. Mashinostroenie, materialovedenie. 2013. Vol. 15, No. 3. pp. 26–32.
7. Bolzoni L., Ruiz-Navas E. M., Gordo E. Processing of elemental titanium by powder metallurgy techniques. Materials Science Forum. 2013. Vol. 765. pp. 383–387.
8. Ma Qian, Francis H. Froes. Titanium powder metallurgy: science, technology and applications. Butterworth-Heinemann, 2015. 648 p.
9. Neikov O. Non-ferrous powder production: Manufacturing methods and properties of copper, aluminium, titanium and nickel powders. Powder Metallurgy Review. 2014. Summer. pp. 65–87.
10. Leyens C., Peters M. Titanium and titanium alloys. Fundamentals and applications. Weinheim : WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH. 2003. 513 p.
11. Dzhugan A. A., Ovchinnikov A. V., Olshanetskiy V. E. Additive technologies and possibilities of their use in modern conditions (review). Novi materiali i tekhnologii v metallurgii ta mashinobuduvanni. 2014. No. 2. pp. 96–101.
12. Dzhugan A. A., Olshanetskiy V. E., Ovchinnikov A. V., Stepanova L. P., Mikhaylyutenko O. A. Use of titanium powders in 3D printing. Novi materiali i tekhnologii v metallurgii ta mashinobuduvanni. 2016. No. 2. pp. 77–81.
13. Isaza Juan F., Claus Aumund-Kopp P. Additive manufacturing with metal powders: design for manufacture evolves into design for function. Powder Metallurgy Review, 2014. Summer. pp. 41–51.
14. Zlenko M. A., Nagaytsev M. V., Dovbysh V. M. Additive technologies in mechanical engineering. Moscow : GNTs RF FGUP “NAMI”, 2015. 220 p.
15. GOST 19807–91. Wrought titanium and titanium alloys. Grades. Introduced: 1992–07–01.
16. Romanova O. V., Rybalko O. F., Dolmatov A. V. Influence of additives on compactability of powder of titanium alloy VT-22, obtained by plasma spraying. Collection of thesises of reports of the V International conference — chemical technology school ChT’16 (Satellite conference of the XX Mendeleev meeting on general and applied chemistry; 10–16 May 2016). Volgograd, 2016. Vol. 2. pp. 297–298.
17. Krashaninin V. A., Ilinykh S. A., Chusov S. A., Gelchinskiy B. R. Suband supersonic plasma spraying of metallic powders and obtaining of combined protective coatings. Collection of proceedings of international scientific and technical conference “Modern metallic materials and technologies). Saint Petersburg: Izdatelstvo Politekhnicheskogo universiteta, 2015. pp. 1103–1114.
18. GOST R 52763–2007. Climatic environment stability test methods for machines, instruments and other industrial products. Tests for exposure to salt mist. Introduced: 2008–01–01.
19. GOST 19440–94. Metallic powders. Determination of apparent density. Part 1. Funnel method. Part 2. Scott volumeter method. Introduced: 1997–01–01.
20. GOST 20899–98. Metallic powders. Determination of flowability by means of a calibrated funnel (Hall flowmeter). Introduced: 2001–07–01.
21. GOST 25279–93. Metallic powders. Determination of tap density. Introduced: 1997–01–01.
22. ISO 13322-2:2006. Particle size analysis. Image analysis methods. Part 2: Dynamic image analysis methods.
23. Ilin A. A., Kolachev B. A., Polkin I. S. Titanium alloys. Composition, structure, properties : reference book. Moscow : VILS – MATI, 2009. 520 p.
24. Illarionov A. G., Popov A. A. Technological and exploitation properties of titanium alloys : tutorial. Ekaterinburg : Izdatelstvo Uralskogo universiteta, 2014. 137 p.
25. Veiga C., Davim J. P., Loureiro A. J. R. Properties and applications of titanium alloys: a brief review. Reviews On Advanced Materials Science. 2012. Vol. 32. pp. 133–148.
26. Antsiferova I. V. Powder titanium materials. Vestnik OGU. 2004. No. 2. pp. 198–202.
27. Shchennikova T. L., Zalazinskiy G. G., Zalazinskiy G. G. (jr.), Gelchinskiy B. R., Romanova O. V., Rybalko O. F., Kryuchkov D. I., Zalazinskiy A. G., Berezin I. M. Properties of VT-22 alloy powders and powder materialsbased on the alloy. Perspektivnye materialy. 2015. No. 4. pp. 15–20.
28. Robertson I. M., Schaffer G. B. Review of densification of titanium based powder systems in press and sinter processing. Powder Metallurgy. 2010. Vol. 53, No. 2. pp. 146–162.
29. Kryuchkov D. I., Zalazinskiy A. G., Berezin I. M., Romanova O. V. Modelling of compaction of titanium composite powders. Diagnostics, Resource and Mechanics of materials and structures. 2015. No. 1. pp. 47–59.
30. Zalazinskiy G. G., Shchennikova T. L., Gelchinskiy B. R., Romanova O. V., Zalazinskiy A. G., Berezin I. M., Kryuchkov D. I. Method for production of powder material on basis of titanium. Patent RF, No. 2555698. Applied: 11.09.2014. Published: 10.07.2015. Bulletin No. 19.
31. Ilinykh S. A., Kirnos I. V., Krashaninin V. A., Gelchinskiy B. R. Physical and chemical properties of coatings, obtained by sub- and supersonic plasma coating of powders of metals and their coatings. Izvestiya vuzov. Poroshkovaya metallurgiya i funktsionalnye pokrytiya. 2015. No. 1. pp. 49–54.
32. Ilinykh S. A., Krashaninin V. A., Gelchinskiy B. R., Ponomarenko A. A., Zalesova O. L. Investigation of corrosion resistance of combined coatings of Zn – Me (Al, Mo, Ti, Ni) powder systems. Materials of the XIV International scientific and technical conference “Fast-hardened materials and coatings”. Moskow. 2016. pp. 91–94.
33. Zakharov M. N., Rybalko O. F., Ilinykh S. A., Chusov S. A., Dolmatov A. V. Chemical and thermal treatment in plasma jet of titanium-bearing powders. Collection of thesises of reports of the V International conference – chemical technology school ChT’16 (Satellite conference of the XX Mendeleev meeting on general and applied chemistry; 10–16 May 2016). Volgograd. 2016. Vol. 2. pp. 214, 215. |
