Mining Institute, Perm Federal Research Center, Ural Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Perm, Russia:

B. А.Bachurin, Head of Laboratory, Candidate of Geologo-Mineralogical Sciences, bba@mi-perm.ru

The nature of pollution in hydrosphere and soil cover in the area of the Kizel Coal Basin is analyzed. The generalized results of ecological monitoring implemented in KCB by the Ural Center for Socio-Ecological Monitoring of Coal Mining Areas prove the absence of clear trends in the formation of mine water composition. Mine water chemistry depends on many factors (volume of mined-out voids in flooded mines, geological and hydrogeological conditions, mineral composition of rocks, etc.), and stabilization of hydrogeochemical mode should be individual per mine water inrushes. It is shown that technogenesis continues to affect natural landscape after mine closure. The main cause is the access of acid mine water in the the upper to upper groundwater layers and to ground surface, which results in extreme contamination of rivers and sediments with sulfates, iron, alluminium and toxic microcomponents. Forms of occurrence of heavy metals and organic compounds in coal and rock piles and mine water are examined. Emission of these pollutants in mining-caused flows is studied in experimental modeling of rock–water system behavior. It is found that physicochemical processes in coal and rock piles under sulfuric acid hydrolysis promote decomposition of compounds stably bonded with mineral matrix and facilitate their mobility. Results of laboratory modeling of pile–water system behavior show that water is both a dissolver/transporter of pollutants and a potent agent contributing to activation of migration of heavy metals and organic compounds. It is experimentally proved that water and waste interaction causes decomposition of organic and mineral compounds, increase in geochemical mobility and scale of emission of pollutants in the adjacent landscape and hydrosphere with the formation of the pollution foci.

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