Journals →  Tsvetnye Metally →  2018 →  #9 →  Back

HEAVY NON-FERROUS METALS
ArticleName Liquidus temperature of high-copper slags and solubility of copper oxide in the Cu2O – FeO – CaO – SiO2 system
DOI 10.17580/tsm.2018.09.04
ArticleAuthor Fedorov A. N., Dosmukhamedov N. K., Zholdasbay E. E., Lukavyy S. L.
ArticleAuthorData

National University of Science and Technology “MISiS ”, Moscow, Russia

A. N. Fedorov, Professor, e-mail: fedorov_a_n@mail.ru

 

Satbayev University, Almaty, Kazakhstan
N. K. Dosmukhamedov, Associated Professor
E. E. Zholdasbay, Research Fellow

 

MMC Norilsk Nickel PJSC, Moscow, Russia
S. L. Lukavyy, Chief Manager

Abstract

This paper describes the liquidus temperature of molten high-copper slags determined through differential thermal analysis and identifies optimum compositions of Cu2O – FeO – CaO – SiO2 slags that ensure the presence of one stable liquid phase saturated with copper oxide. A liquidus curve was built in the Cu2O – FeO – SiO2 – CaO system as a projection on the Cu2O – FeO/SiO2 – CaO plane. The authors established the effect produced by how the liquid slags saturated with copper oxide (I) are arranged on the two-phase region (liquid slag and solid oxides herein referred to as ‘spinel’) of the Cu2O – FeO – SiO2 – CaO system. It is shown that when the concentration ratio of iron oxide to silica is higher than 1, the ‘spinel’ inclusions tend to become coarser as the solubility of copper oxide in the slags drops. It was found that a higher concentration of calcium oxide leads to a finer structure of the ‘spinel’ inclusions when the slag is saturated with copper oxide. The liquidus temperature curve tends to have an insignificant maximum, which can obviously be explained by both silica and calcium oxide influencing the size of the ‘spinel’ inclusions as the slags become less saturated with copper oxide (I). With a further increase in the concentration of calcium oxide and silica in the slags, one should expect the copper oxides dissolved in the slag to substitute the iron oxides, which will eventually lead to a slight decrease in the liquidus temperature of the molten slags in view. The paper shows the solubility of Cu2O in a completely liquid region of the slag, and how the solubility of copper oxide in the slag is influenced by the CaO/SiO2 and SiO2/Fe ratios. A minimum concentration of copper oxide in the slag is observed on the ‘spinel’ isotherm for all the temperatures considered, with the temperatures of 1,200 and 1,250 оC being most indicative. This supports the conclusion that the lowest concentration of copper oxide (I) in the slags being in the liquid region is observed when the CaO/SiO2 ratio is varying within 0.75 and 1.2. The minimum concentration of copper oxide is observed within the change range of 0.7 to 0.85 for the CaO/SiO2 ratio, which is quite consistent with the findings from other studies. It was found that an increase in the SiO2/Fe ratio to ~0.46 leads to a decreased concentration of copper oxide in the slag, whereas when the ratio is >0.46, a rise in the concentration of copper oxide in the slag is observed. It is shown that at 1,200 and 1,250 оC the effect of rising copper oxide solubility is most pronounced. At the temperatures of 1,300 and 1,350 оC and with the SiO2/Fe ratio being >0.46, the concentration of copper oxide in the slag rises due to saturation. The maximum solubility of copper oxide in the slag (33.89%) is achieved when the SiO2/Fe ratio is ~0.52. The results obtained suggest that the addition of lime (CaO/SiO2) to the Cu2O – FeO – SiO2 – CaO system leads to a decreased concentration of copper oxide in the slag. A higher concentration of silica in the system under study, within the change range of the SiO2/Fe ratio from 0.42 to 0.46, decreases the solubility of copper oxide in the slag, and its minimum concentration is reached when the SiO2/Fe ratio is ~0.44.

keywords Liquidus temperature, slag, copper oxide, solubility, iron oxide, silica, lime
References

1. Pavlov R. A., Pavlov A. V., Fedorov A. N. Viscosity studies of the wustitesilica and wustite-silica-calcium oxide slag systems. Tsvetnye Metally. 2000. No. 4. pp. 76–79.
2. Kolosov A. G., Stupin A. V., Fedorov A. N., Vanyukov A. V. Viscosity of iron silicate slags. Tsvetnye Metally. 1987. No. 3. pp. 44–47.
3. Slag atlas: Reference book. Ed. by I. S. Kulikov. Translated from German. Moscow : Metallurgiya, 1985. 208 p.
4. Pownceby M. I., Clout J. M. F., Fisher-White M. J. Phase equilibria for the Fe2O3-rich part of the system Fe2O3–CaO–SiO2 in air at 1240–1300 degrees C. Mineral Processing and Extractive Metallurgy IMM Transactions: C. 1998. Vol. 107. pp. С1–С10.
5. Shigaki I., Sawada M., Yoshioka K., Takahashi T. Improvement of Productivity and Reduction Disintegration of Iron Ore Sinter by Increasing Size of Limestone Particles. Tetsu to Hagane. 1985. Vol. 71, No. 16. pp. 1880–1887.
6. Kimura H., Endo S., Yajima K., Tsukihashi F. Effect of Oxygen Partial Pressure on Liquidus for the CaO – SiO2 – FeOx System at 1573 K. ISIJ International. 2004. Vol. 44, No. 12. pp. 2040–2045.
7. Kongoli F., McBow I., Yazawa A., Takeda Y., Yamaguchi K., Budd R., Llubani S. Liquidus relations of calcium ferrite and ferrous calcium silicate slag in continuous copper converting. Proceeding of Yazawa International Symposium. San Diego, California, USA. 2003. Vol. 2. pp. 227–238.
8. Yazawa A., Kongoli F. Liquidus Surface of Newly Defined “Ferrous Calcium Silicate Slag” and its Metallurgical Implications. High Temperature Materials and Processes. 2001. Vol. 20, No. 3–4. pp. 201–207.
9. Jak E., Zhao B., Hayes P. Phase equilibria in the system FeO – Fe2O3 – A12O3 – CaO – SiO2, with applications to non-ferrous smelting slags. Proceedings of the 6th International Conference on Slags, Fluxes and Molten Salts. Stockholm-Helsinki, June 12–17, 2000. pp. 239–247.
10. Takeda Y. Thermodynamic Evaluation Of Copper Loss In Slag Equilibrated With Matte (Keynote). Proceeding of Yazawa International Symposium. San Diego, California, USA. 2003. Vol. 1. pp. 341–357.
11. Kotykhov M. I., Fedorov A. N. Investigation of copper distribution between slag and lead in bubbling reduction process. Non-ferrous Metals. 2014. No. 2. pp. 21–24.
12. Kotykhov M. I., Fedorov A. N. Copper distribution in condensation products of lead concentrate melting using Vanyukov’s process. Non-ferrous Metals. 2015. No. 1. pp. 9–12.
13. Yazawa A., Nakazawa S., Takeda Y. Distribution behavior of various elements in copper smelting systems. Advances in Sulfide Smelting. Warrendale, PA : TSM-AIME, 1983. pp. 99–117.
14. Davenport W. G. L., King M., Schlesinger M., Biswas A. K. Extractive Metallurgy of Copper. 4th edition. Oxford : Pergamon, 2002. pp. 155–171.
15. Jak E., Zhao B., Nikolic S., Hayes P. C. Experimental measurement and prediction of complex phase equilibria in industrial non-ferrous slag systems. Proceedings of EMC 2007. Dusseldorf, Germany, June 11–14, 2007. pp. 1789–1818.
16. Lukavyy S. L., Fedorov A. N., Khabiev R. P., Khabiev M. P. Density and liquidus temperature of high-copper slag fusion. Tsvetnye Metally. 2012. No. 7. pp. 24–28.

Language of full-text russian
Full content Buy
Back