Korolev Samara National Research University, Samara, Russia:

J. Hirsch, Senior Researcher

E. V. Aryshensky, Associate Professor at the Department of Metals Technology and Aviation Materials Engineering

Arkonik SMZ, Samara, Russia:
A. F. Grechnikova, Lead Process Engineer
A. M. Drits, Director for Business and New Technology Development, e-mail: Alexander.Drits@arconic.com

This paper offers a systemized overview of the results of scientific research and practical studies that were carried out over the course of many years by RWTH Aachen University, Samara University and MISiS in the area of thermomechanical processing of the АА 3104 aluminium sheets and strips used in food containers manufacturing. In this paper, the authors focus on the effect produced by thermomechanical rolling on the crystallographic evolution of metal and the level of earing. The authors describe how they can obtain an acceptable level of earing, and namely by superposing the cubic textures that form ears at 0/90 degrees, on the rolling-induced textures that produce ears at 45 degrees. Cubic texture starts to form once the strip hot rolling process has ended as the strip is cooling down. The quality of the texture depends on the rate and degree of deformation and the final rolling temperature. Partially or completely non-recrystallized structures can be observed when the finishing temperatures are below 300 ^oC. As a result, the grains fail to turn to acquire a cubic orientation, and only the deformation texture remains after hot rolling, which continues to develop during further cold rolling. With no compensation, such texture results in the occurrence of unacceptably high 45 degree ears after drawing. To prevent this development, the hot rolling operation should have high temperatures and speeds to produce enough deformation, which could activate the recrystallization process during the cooling stage. In this case, the hot-rolled strip would predominantly have a cubic texture, which would later be compensated with the deformation texture formed by cold rolling at high reduction rates. With the resultant combination of textures, the ears that form after drawing prove to be acceptably low.

1. Hirsch J., Grechnikova A. F., Aryshensky E. V., Drits А. М. Microstructural Evolution and Crystallographic Texture in the Production of Aluminium Strips for Food Containers Industry. Part 1. Tsvetnye Metally. 2018. No. 10. pp. 74–81. DOI: 10.17580/tsm.2018.10.09
2. Grechnikov F. V. Deformation of anisotropic materials. Intensification potential. Moscow : Mashinostroenie, 1998. 446 p.
3. Wang Z. R., Hu W. L., Yuan S. J., Wang X. S. Engineering Plasticity: Theory and Applications in Metal Forming. John Wiley & Sons, 2018. 520 p.
4. Engler O. Texture and anisotropy in cold rolled and recovery annealed AA 5182 sheets. Materials Science and Technology. 2015. Vol. 31, Iss. 9. pp. 1058–1065.
5. Engler O. Texture and anisotropy in the Al–Mg alloy AA 5005–Part I: Texture evolution during rolling and recrystallization. Materials Science and Engineering: A. 2014. Vol. 618. pp. 654–662.
6. Gottstein G., Moies V. From Processing to Properties: Through-Process Modeling of Aluminum Sheet Fabrication. Proceedings of the 1^st World Congress on Integrated Computational Materials Engineering (ICME) TMS. 2011. pp. 9–17.
7. Engler O., JohannesAegerter J. Texture and anisotropy in the Al – Mg alloy AA 5005 – Part II: Correlation of texture and anisotropic properties. Materials Science and Engineering: A. 2014. Vol. 618. pp. 663–671.
8. Sukhopar O., Gottstein G. In-situ annealing and computation study of cube texture development in Al alloy. International Journal of Materials Research. 2016. Vol. 107, Iss. 11. pp. 979–987.
9. Shevelev V. V., Yakovlev S. P. Anisotropy in sheets and its effect on the drawing behaviour. Moscow : Mashinostroenie, 1972. 136 p.
10. Hirsch J., Hasenclever J.; in 'Aluminium Alloys'. Proceedings ICAA 3, Trondheim/Norway, 1992. Vol. 2. pp. 3052.
11. Hirsch J., Wagner P., Schmiedel H. Materials Science Forum. Transtec Publications, Switzerland, proceedings ICAA5. 1996. Vol. 217–222. Part 1. pp. 641.
12. Aryshenskii E. V., Aryshenskii V. Yu., Grechnikova A. F., Beglov E. D. Evolution of texture and microstructure in the production of sheets and ribbons from aluminum alloy 5182 in modern rolling facilities. Metal Science and Heat Treatment. 2014. Vol. 56, Iss. 7–8. pp. 347–352.
13. Aryshensky V. Yu., Grechnikova A. F., Beglov E. D., Aryshensky E. V. Rational texture components produced in a hot rolled strip made from 3104 aluminium alloy. Modern metallic materials and technologies: Proceedings of international conference. Saint Petersburg : Izdatelstvo Politekhnicheskogo universiteta, 2015. pp. 545–557.
14. Lücke K., Pospiech J., Jura J., Hirsch J. On the presentation of orientation distribution functions by model functions. Zeitschrift für Metallkunde. 1986. Vol. 77. pp. 312.
15. Hirsch J., Karhausen K. F., Engler O. Property control in production of aluminum sheet by use of simulation. Continuum Scale Simulation of Engineering Materials: Fundamentals-Microstructures-Process Applications. 2004. pp. 705–725.