Siberian State Industrial University, Novokuznetsk, Russia:

V. D. Sarychev, Associate Professor, Candidate of Engineering Sciences
A. Yu. Granovskiy, Junior Researcher
S. A. Nevskiy, Associate Professor, Candidate of Engineering Sciences, nevskiy.sergei@yandex.ru

The mathematical model is developed to describe flow of rocks as viscous incompressible fluid in shovel bucket by the methods of mechanics of granular media. The model involves the Navier–Stokes equations and the boundary conditions. The bucket is modeled by a rectangular parallelepiped with one face set permeable for granular medium, while at the other faces the conditions of impermeability and adhesion are set. The resultant system of equations is solved by the finite element method using the Comsol Multiphysics software. Eventually, the velocity distribution on the bucket surface is obtained. The analysis of the velocities shows that the flow of granular material can be divided into three stages. At the first stage, the granular material flows along the lower internal surface of the bucket, and the flow is structured as a stream. The stream hits the back end cover of the bucket. After the hit, the flow becomes instable, which results in formation of a vortex structure at the conjugation of the bottom and back end cover of the bucket. At the third stage, the granular material spreads along the back surface at the decreased pressure. The pressure distribution on the bucket walls is determined. It shows that the maximum pressure is observed at the conjugation of the bottom and back end cover of the bucket. This explains the increased wear of these surfaces during bucket operation. Thus, it is required to reinforce the bottom and back end cover of the bucket by applying an armoring grid made of composites by the method of electric-arc deposition.
The study was supported by the RF President’s grant for young scientists, Project No. MK-118.2019.2.

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