Tomsk Polytechnic University (Tomsk, Russia):

G. Yu. Boyarko, Dr. Eng., Prof., Natural Resources Engineering School, e-mail: gub@tpu.ru

All-Russian Institute of Scientific and Technical Information RAS (Moscow, Russia):
B. N. Matveev, Dr. Eng., Prof, head of Dept. of Scientific Information on Metallurgy, e-mail: bnmatveev@gmail.com

The raw materials base and volumes of Russian production and consumption of small tonnage (microalloying) ferroalloys for 2002–2018 have been considered. In Russia there are sufficient reserves of raw materials and developed deposits of vanadium, titanium, tungsten, molybdenum, niobium and rare earth metals (REM), but for each type of the raw material there are issues in the development of these resources. Support is needed for investment projects in the extraction of mineral raw materials and production of niobium, rare-earth metals, tungsten and boron ferroalloys. At the same time, stabilization of import flows is necessary to obtain the required amount of titanium and boron concentrates from participants of the Customs Union, Eurasian Economic Union, BRICS and other suppliers.

1. Gasik M. Technology of vanadium ferroalloys. Chapter 13. Handbook of ferroalloys. Butterworth-Heinemann is an Imprint of Elsevier. 2013. pp. 397–409.
2. State report “On the State and Use of Mineral Resources of the Russian Federation in 2016 and 2017” [electronic resource]. Available at: http://www.mnr.gov.ru/docs/o_sostoyanii_i_ispolzovanii_mineralno_syrevykh_resursov_rossiyskoy_federatsii/gosudarstvennyy_doklad_o_sostoyanii_i_ispolzovanii_mineralno_syrevykh_resursov_rossiyskoy_federatsii (accessed: 24.12.2019).
3. Federal State Statistic Service of Russia [electronic resource]. Available at: https://www.gks.ru/enterprise_industrial (accessed: 24.12.2019).
4. Federal Customs Service of Russia [electronic resource]. Available at: https://ved-import.com/import/tnved/ (accessed: 24.12.2019).
5. Yashchenko I. G. Russian heavy vanadium-bearing oils. Izvestiya Tomskogo politekhnicheskogo universiteta. 2012. Vol. 321. No. 1. pp. 105–111.
6. Sukhanov А. А., Petrova Yu. E. Metal-bearing potential of Russian oils and the possibility of its implementation. Mineralnye resursy Rossii. Ekonomika i upravlenie. 2009. No. 5. pp. 8–13.
7. Shubina М. V., Makhotkina Е. S. Recycling of vanadium-bearing waste. Teoriya i tekhnologiya metallurgicheskogo proizvodstva. 2016. No. 2. pp. 71–74.
8. Makhotkina Е. S., Shubina М. V. The results of experiments on the extraction of vanadium from tails of the Kusinsky deposit titanomagnetite ores. Chernaya metallurgiya. 2019. Vol. 75. No. 5. pp. 617–623.
9. Khatkov V. Yu., Boyarko G. Yu. World and Russian counter importexport flows of mineral raw materials. Izvestiya Tomskogo politekhnicheskogo universiteta. Inzhiniring georesursov. 2018. Vol. 329. No. 3. pp. 145–167.
10. Khatkov V. Yu., Boyarko G. Yu. The current state of the tungsten industry in Russia. Izvestiya Tomskogo politekhnicheskogo universiteta. Inzhiniring georesursov. 2019. Vol. 330. No. 2. pp. 124–137.
11. Ivankov S. I., Litvintsev E. G., Petkevich D. G. Issues of creating modern environmentally benign technologies for processing complex tungsten ores and ways to solve them. Nauchnye i tekhnicheskie aspekty okhrany okruzhayushchey sredy. Obzornaya informatsiya. Moscow: VINITI. 2013. Iss. 3. pp. 1–138.
12. Zhuchkov V. I., Zayakin О. V., Leontev L. I., Sychev А. V., Kel I. N. Physical and chemical characteristics, production and use of complex boron-containing ferroalloys. Izvestiya vysshikh uchebnykh zavedeniy. Chernaya metallurgiya. 2017. Vol. 60. No. 5. pp. 348–354.
13. Zhuchkov V. I., Leontyev L. I., Akberdin А. А., Babenko А. А., Sychev А. V. The use of boron and its compounds in metallurgy. Novosibirsk: Akademizdat, 2018. 156 p.
14. Zakirova F. А., Senatorov P. P., Rudnev V. V. State and prospects of development of the mineral resource base of boron raw materials in Russia. Rudy i metally. 2011. No. 3–4. pp. 61–62.
15. Smirnov L. А., Rovnushkin V. А., Oryshchenko А. S., Kalinin G. Yu., Milyuts V. G. Modifi cation of steel and alloys with rare earth elements. Report 1. Metallurg. 2015. No. 11. pp. 57–63.
16. Smirnov L. А., Rovnushkin V. А., Oryshchenko А. S., Kalinin G. Yu., Milyuts V. G. Modifi cation of steel and alloys with rare earth elements. Report 2. Metallurg. 2016. No. 1. pp. 41–48.
17. Boyarko G. Yu., Khatkov V. Yu. Trading of individual rare-earth marketable products on the Russian market. Tsvetnye Metally. 2017. No. 7. pp. 7–13.
18. Kondratyeva V. I., Stepanova N. А., Trubina А. V., Lukovtseva А. S. On the strategic vectors of social and economic development of the Arctic zone of the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia). Innovatsii. 2018. No. 11. pp. 67–72.
19. Kryukov Ya. V., Samsonov N. Yu., Yatsenko V. А. Russian rare earth industry: Should China’s experience be adopted? EKO. 2018. No. 10. pp. 138–152.
20. Konevskiy М. R., Mukhamedyarov Е. Т., Ryaboshuk S. V. Phosphorous ferroalloys. Production technology, grades and quality. Chernye Metally. 2013. No. 12. pp. 9–12.
21. Skuridin F. L., Parenkov А. Е., Semin А. Е., Serbikov Yu. А., Ten E. B., et.al. Smelting of ferrophosphorus in a plasma blast furnace using ores of the Tomtor deposit (Yakutia). Nauka i proizvodstvo Urala. 2006. No. 2. pp. 104–107.
22. Ma X., Yang D., Zhai Y., Shen X., Zhang R., Hong J. Cost-combined life cycle assessment of ferronickel production. International Journal of Life Cycle Assessment. 2019. Vol. 24. No 10. pp. 1840–850.
23. Gasik M. Technology of zirconium ferroalloys. Chapter 16. Handbook of ferroalloys. Butterworth-Heinemann is an Imprint of Elsevier, 2013. pp. 435–447.