ArticleName |
Effect of remelting on the properties of low-alloy copper-iron alloy |
ArticleAuthorData |
Bauman Moscow State Technical University, Moscow, Russia:
K. G. Semenov, Associate Professor at the Department of Materials Processing Technology, Candidate of Technical Science, e-mail: semenovkg@bmstu.ru
K. A. Batyshev, Professor at the Department of Materials Processing Technology, Doctor of Technical Science, e-mail: kontbat63@mail.ru
Vladimir State University named after Alexander and Nikolay Stoletovs, Vladimir, Russia1 ; National University of Science and Technology MISiS, Moscow, Russia2: V. B. Deev, Chief Researcher1, Professor at the Department of Metal Forming2, Doctor of Technical Science, e-mail: deev.vb@mail.ru
Dal Luhansk State University, Luhansk, People’s Republic of Luhansk: Yu. A. Svinoroev, Associate Professor at the Department of Commercial and Art Castings, Doctor of Technical Science, e-mail: desna.us@yandex.ru |
Abstract |
Current machine building technologies place a demand for low-alloy copper alloys that would offer a combination of high electrical conductivity and mechanical performance. Today, low-alloy copper-iron alloys appear to offer more innovation than commercially pure copper as they find a wide application when designing innovative machine parts produced by casting. Low-alloy Cu – Fe alloys are precipitation hardening alloys which acquire greatly increased strength and electrical conductivity after heat treatment. A primary smelting and casting process has been developed for such alloys on the basis of commercially pure metals and alloys, as well as a secondary melting process applicable to waste copper-iron alloys. Application of the foundry process implies a repeated reutilization of in-house waste generated after every new melt. Such waste should be used as burden materials when casting alloys. This research was aimed at developing a process for utilization of secondary materials (i.e. in-house waste) to produce a low-alloy Cu – 2.65% Fe alloy. The authors examined the mechanical properties and electrical conductivity of such alloy after secondary melting. To obtain a quality melt, diffusion carbon deoxidation should be replaced with bulk phosphorus deoxidation. The resulting alloy has high strength and electrical conductivity, especially after heat treatment. High aggregate properties of double remelted Cu – 2.65% Fe alloys were established. This conclusion is also confirmed by the results of an electron microscopy study of the as-cast and as-heat treated alloy.
The research was carried out within the state assignment of the Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian Federation (theme FZUN-2020-0015, state task of the Vladimir State University). |
keywords |
Low-alloy alloys, copper, iron, mechanical properties and performance, electrical conductivity, heat treatment, age quenching, microstructure, electron microscopy, X-ray spectral analysis, secondary melting, burden materials |
References |
1. Berent V. Ya. Materials and properties of electric contacts for railway applications. Moscow : Intekst, 2005. 408 p. 2. Osintsev O. E., Fedorov V. N. Copper and copper alloys. Russian and foreigngrades : Reference Book. Moscow : Mashinostroenie, 2004. 336 p. 3. Chursin V. M. Modern low-alloy copper-base alloys. Tekhnologiya metallov. 2004. No. 6. pp. 17–21. 4. Abbas S. F., Seo S.-J., Kim B.-S., Kim T.-S. Effect of grain size on the electrical conductivity of copper – iron alloys. Journal of Alloys and Compounds. 2017. Vol. 720. pp. 8–16. 5. Nikolaev A. K. Precipitation hardening as an efficient process for synthesizing structural materials. Rhythm of Machinery. 2011. No. 3. pp. 31–35. 6. Batyshev K. A., Semenov K. G., Svinoroev Yu. A. Advanced processes for casting non-ferrous metals alloys. Moscow : Pervyi tom, 2020. 150 p. 7. Semenov K. G., Batyshev K. A., Chernov V. V. Smelting of low-alloy copper-base alloys in induction furnaces. Elektrometallurgiya. 2017. No. 9. pp. 2–6. 8. Semenov K. G. Smelting of low-alloy copper alloys. Liteyshchik Rossii. 2019. No. 6. pp. 19–22. 9. GOST 4515–93. Copper phosphorous alloys. Specifications. Introduced : 01.01.1997. 10. GOST R ISO 6507-1–2007. Metals and alloys. Vickers hardness test. Part 1. Test method. Introduced: 01.08.2008. 11. Chursin V. M. Smelting of copper alloys. Moscow : Metallurgiya, 1982. 152 p. 12. Nikolaev A. K., Kostin S. A. Copper and heat-resistant copper alloys. Encyclopedic and terminological dictionary. Essential handbook. Moscow : Izdatelstvo DKP Press, 2012. 720 p. 13. Chursin V. M. Prospective synthesis of low-alloy copper-base alloys. Izvestiya vuzov. Tsvetnaya metallurgiya. 2004. No. 5. pp. 71–77. 14. Chursin V. M. Advanced low-alloy copper-base alloys. Tekhnologiya metallov. 2004. No. 5. pp. 18–22. 15. Oelsen W. Die Desoxydation von kupferschmelzen mit eisen, mit phosphor und mit schwefel. Giesserei. 1982. Vol. 6/5. pp. 383, 384. 16. Abbas S. F., Kim T.-S. Effect of lattice strain on the electrical conductivity of rapidly solidified copper-iron metastable alloys. Journal of Alloys and Compounds. 2018. Vol. 732. pp. 129–135. 17. Kaixuan Chenab, Jiawei Zhanga, Yajun Chenc, Xiaohua Chend et al. Slow strain rate tensile tests on notched specimens of as-cast pure Cu and Cu – Fe – Co alloys. Journal of Alloys and Compounds. 2020. Vol. 822. 153647. 18. Elanskiy G. N., Elanskiy D. G. Structure and properties of molten metals. Moscow : MGVMI, 2006. 228 p. 19. Chursin V. M., Gofenshefer L. I. Scale-resistant low-alloy copper alloys: Compositions and properties. Izvestiya vuzov. Tsvetnaya metallurgiya. 2001. No. 1. pp. 14–17. 20. Pikunov M. V. Melting of metals, crystallization of alloys, solidification of castings : A guide for university students. Moscow : MISiS, 1997. 376 p. 21. Chursin V. M. Advanced low-alloy copper-base alloys. Tekhnologiya metallov. 2004. No. 5. pp. 18–22. 22. Semenov K. G., Batyshev K. A., Pankratov S. N., Chernov V. V. Production of low-alloy copper-iron alloys. Elektrometallurgiya. 2020. No. 7. pp.3–8. 23. Semenov K. G. Low-alloy copper-base alloys. Liteyshchik Rossii. 2020. No. 3. pp. 40–44. 24. Semenov K. G., Batyshev K. A., Pankratov S. N., Chernov V. V. On the peculiarities involved in the smelting and casting of low-alloy Cu – Fe alloys. Liteynoe proizvodstvo. 2018. No. 4. pp. 13–16. |