Mendeleev University of Chemical Technology of Russia, Moscow, Russia:
Zo Ye Naing, Cand. Eng., Doctoral Candidate, Dept. of Industrial Ecology, e-mail: zawye7@mail.ru
A. V. Nistratov, Cand. Eng., Associate Prof., Dept. of Industrial Ecology, e-mail: nistratov.a.v@muctr.ru
A. A. Kurilkin, Cand. Eng., Senior Lecturer, Dept. of Industrial Ecology, e-mail: kurilkin.a.a@muctr.ru
V. N. Klushin, Dr. Eng., Prof., Dept. of Industrial Ecology, e-mail: dvk1971april@mail.ru

This paper presents the results of assessing the suitability of fossil coal from the Kalewa deposit (Myanmar) based on its petrographic and thermographic analysis for the production of granular activated carbons. According to the vitrinite reflection index and other characteristics, the sample meets the requirements for the raw materials. The thermal decomposition of the sample in nitrogen and air has a similar character, with the main mass loss occurring at temperature range of 350–500 °C. The best results of chemical activation of charcoal by alkaline agents (NaON and KOH) in terms of total pore volume (0.38 and 1.16 cm³/g, respectively) and volumes of sorbing pores (0.31 and 0.52 cm³/g for benzene, respectively), adsorption activity for iodine (624 and 1230 mg/g, respectively) and methylene blue (330 ± 10 mg/g) indicate the possibility of producing activated carbons from it with structural and adsorption properties acceptable for practical use. The study of the porous structure of carbonizate and activate by
low-temperature nitrogen adsorption reveals its significant development under the selected conditions of chemical activation with the achieved specific surface area of 811 m²/g. The work contains an assessment of the effectiveness of the use of the obtained adsorbents in a laboratory-modeled process of sorption purification of coke production water containing phenol, tar, oil and petroleum products, cyanides and inorganic salts. The extreme character of the adsorption kinetics was revealed and it was found that the highest degree of purification from organic pollutants is achieved by intensive mixing of activated carbon with a dose of 0.3 g/l with purified water for 20 minutes.
The researches were carried out using D. Mendeleev Center for collective use of scientific equipment, within the framework of the project No. 075-15-2021-688.

1. Shifeng Dai, Finkelman R. B. Coal as a promising source of critical elements: progress and future prospects. Int. J. Coal Geol. 2018. Vol. 186. pp. 155–164.
2. Shifeng Dai, Finkelman R. B. The importance of minerals in coal as the hosts of chemical elements. Int. J. Coal Geol. 2019. Vol. 212. pp. 103–251.
3. Mukhin V. М., Chebykin V. V., Galkin Е. А. et al. Active carbons, elastic sorbents, catalysts, desiccants and chemical absorbers based on them. Moscow: Izdatelskiy dom "Ruda i Metally", 2003. 280 p.
4. Mukhin V. М., Tarasov А. V., Klushin V. N. Activated coals in Russia. Moscow: Metallurgiya, 2000. 352 p.
5. Kienle H., Baeder E. Aktivkohle und ihre industrielle anvendung. Translated from German. Edited by Т. G. Plachenov and S. D. Kolosentsev. Leningrad: Khimiya, 1984. 215 p.
6. Mukhin V. М. Development of new carbon adsorbents and their use for solving environmental and technological challenges: Dissertation … of Doctor of Engineering Sciences. Moscow: MUCTR, 1997. 311 p.
7. Mukhin V. М., Klushin V. N. Production and application of carbon adsorbents. Moscow: MUCTR, 2012. 308 p.
8. Overview of the activated carbon market in the CIS, 9^th edition. Research group "Infomayn". Available at: http://www.infomine.ru/files/catalog/169/file_169_eng.pdf (accessed 27.02.2023).
9. Khasanov R. R., Danilova D. А., Nikitin А. D., Osipov P. V., Ryzhkov А. F. Comparison of parameters of activated coal and charcoal. Energy and resource saving. Energy supply. Non-traditional and renewable energy sources: proceedings of the International scientific and practical conference of students, graduate students and young scientists dedicated to the memory of professor N. I. Danilov (1945–2015) – Danilov Readings (Yekaterinburg, December 11–15, 2017). Ekaterinburg: UrFU, 2017. Available at: https://elar.urfu.ru/bitstream/10995/57833/1/eir_2017_240.pdf (accessed 27.02.2023).
10. Evdokimova Е. V. Obtaining activated carbon based on wood: Dissertation … of Candidate of Engineering Sciences. Yekaterinburg: Ural State Forest Engineering University, 2021. 116 p.
11. Mineral Center. Progress technologies. Development and maintenance of interactive maps and specialized information systems. Raw material complex of foreign countries. Myanmar. Available at: http://www.mineral.ru/facts/world/116/145/index.html (accessed 15.02.2023).
12. Rodionov А. I., Kuznetsov Yu. P., Solovyev G. S. Protection of the biosphere against industrial emissions. Process design fundamentals. Moscow: Khimiya, Kolos S, 2005. 392 p.
13. Redin V. I., Knyazev А. S. Design of environmental facilities. Saint Petersburg: Saint Petersburg State Institute of Technology (ТU), 2010. 72 p.
14. Biryukov V. V. Fundamentals of industrial biotechnology. Moscow: Khimiya, Kolos S, 2004. 296 p.
15. Vetoshkin А. G. Processes and apparatus for environmental protection. Penza: Vysshaya shkola, 2008. 639 p.
16. Vetoshkin А. G. Processes and devices for gas cleaning. Penza: PSU, 2006. 297 p.
17. Serpionova Е. N. Industrial adsorption of vapors and gases. Moscow: Vysshaya shkola, 2005. 416 p.
18. Dovzhikova Е. G. Practical petrography. Ukhta: USTU, 2012. 79 p.
19. Shestakova О. Е. Petrographic composition, structure and genesis of fossil coals. Vestnik Kuzbasskogo GTU. 2010. Iss. 2. No. 1. pp. 3–10.
20. Naing Zo E, Nistratov A. V., Klushin V. N. Investigation of characteristics of Kaleiva deposit`s fossil coal carbonizates. Topical issues of chemical technology and environmental protection: Proceedings of the VIII All-Russian Conference dedicated to the 60^th anniversary of PJSC Khimprom. Cheboksary: Izdatelstvo Chuvashskogo universiteta, 2020. pp. 44, 45.
21. GOST R 55663–2013 (ISO 7404-2:2009). Methods for petrographic analysis of coals. Part 2: Methods of preparing coal samples. Introduced: 01.01.2015.
22. GOST R 55662–2013. Methods for petrographic analysis of coals. Part 3: Method of determining maceral group composition. Introduced: 01.01.2015.
23. GOST R 55659–2013 (ISO 7404-5:2009). Methods for petrographic analysis of coals. Part 5: Method of determining microscopically the reflectance of vitrinite. Introduced: 01.01.2015.
24. Soboleva Е. V., Guseva А. N. Chemistry of fossil fuels. Moscow: Izdatelstvo Moskovskogo universiteta, 2010. 312 p.
25. Tamarkina Yu. V., Kucherenko V. А., Shendrik Т. G. Brown coal nanoporous adsorbents obtained by alkaline activation with thermal shock. Khimiya tverdogo topliva. 2012. No. 5. pp. 13–18.
26. Perrin A., Celzard A., Albiniak A., Kaczmarczyk J. et al. NaOH activation of anthracites: effect of temperature on pore textures and methane storage ability. Carbon. 2004. Vol. 42. pp. 2855–2866.
27. Wang J., Kaskel S. KOH activation of carbon-based materials for energy storage. Journal of Materials Chemistry. 2012. Vol. 22. pp. 23710–23725.
28. GOST 17219–71. Active carbons. Method for determination of summary pore volume by the moisture capacity test. Introduced: 01.01.1973.
29. Tkachev А. G., Mishchenko S. V., Konovalov V. I. Catalytic synthesis of carbon nanotubes from gas-phase products of hydrocarbon pyrolysis. Rossiyskie nanotekhnologii. 2007. Vol. 2. No. 7–8. pp. 100–108.
30. Naing Z. Y., Nistratov А. V., Klushin V. N. Chemical activation as a prospect for the transformation of fossil coal from the Kalewa deposit into active coals. International Journal of Biology and Chemistry. 2021. Vol. 14. No. 1. pp. 172–176.
31. Zubakhin N. P., Klushin V. N., Dmitrieva D. A., Zenkova E. V. Evaluation of fossil coal concentrates and carbon materials obtained on their basis as a means of cleaning wastewater from oil products from the territory of coke production. Koks i khimiya. 2011. No. 4. pp. 39–42.
32. Keltsev A. V. Study of the process of wastewater treatment of coke production by carbon sorbents: thesis of inauguration of Dissertation … of Candidate of Engineering Sciences. Moscow: MUCTR, 1977. 16 p.
33. Zubakhin N. P., Klushin V. N., Starostin K. G., Nistratov A. V. Purification of Coke-Plant Waste by Carbon Adsorbents. Coke and Chemistry. 2015. Vol. 58, Iss. 2. pp. 75–78.
34. Zenkova E. V., Klushin V. N., Zubakhin N. P. et al. Efficiency of carbon adsorption treatment of wastewater from the territory of coke production. Sorbtsionnye i khromatograficheskie protsessy. 2017. Vol. 17. No. 3. pp. 407–413.
35. Abdel-Ghani N. T., El-Chaghaby G. A., Elgammal M., Rawash El-Sh. A. Optimizing the preparation conditions of activated carbons from olive cake using KOH activation. New Carbon Materials. 2016. Vol. 31, Iss. 5. pp. 492–500.