Belgorod State Technological University named after. V. G. Shukhov, Belgorod, Russia

A. N. Bodyakov, Head of the Laboratory of the Dept. of Roads and Railways named after. A. M. Gridchin, e- mail: savaa72@mail.ru
I. Yu. Markova, Cand. Eng., Associate Prof., Dept. of Materials Science and Technology, e-mail: irishka-31.90@mail.ru
V. V. Strokova, Dr. Eng., Prof., Director of the Innovative Scientific, Educational and Experimental Industrial Center for Nanostructured Composite Materials, e-mail: vvstrokova@gmail.com
M. A. Stepanenko, Engineer of the 2^nd Category, Innovative Scientific, Educational and Experimental Industrial Center for Nanostructured Composite Materials, e-mail: stepanenko.rita2017@yandex.ru

The composition of metallurgical slags is complex and is determined by several factors, including the type of received metal, the composition of the ore and the composition of the flux material used in the melting process, the temperature of the melting process. However, it should be considered that most metallurgical slags are liable to the process of self–decomposition, which is associated with the presence of bicalcium silicate (C₂S – white) in the slag structure. The paper studies the effect of three different stabilizers (ferrochromium ore, sodo-alkaline melting and arc steelmaking furnaces dust) on the structure and properties of metallurgical slag selected from an arc steelmaking furnace. A comparison of the efficiency of using three stabilizers radically different in composition in terms of the yield of the stabilized slag fraction, depending on the amount of stabilizer and the structural features of the materials obtained, allowed us to establish that arc steelmaking furnaces dust allows us to obtain the largest amount of the stabilized slag fraction with a dense homogeneous structure and the best quality indicators (at 5 % concentration in the slag melt in laboratory conditions, it is possible to obtain 100 % stabilized slag fraction with water saturation of 4.6 % and frost resistance mark F 50, whereas in industrial conditions 2 % is enough). Comparison of energy dispersion analysis maps of a slag sample stabilized with arc steelmaking furnaces dust in industrial conditions showed some differences compared to laboratory samples, which is explained by two factors affecting the crystallization process: the rate of nucleation, the rate of crystal growth. In industrial conditions, the rate of nucleation is higher, which contributes to the formation of a larger number of new crystallization centers, but the intensity of crystal growth decreases after the slag is drained into the slag trench, which is associated with the cooling rate.

The study was supported by the Russian Science Foundation grant No. 23-19-00796, https:// rscf.ru/project/23-19-00796/. The work was carried out using the equipment of the Center for High Technologies on the basis of BSTU named after V. G. Shukhov.

1. Piatak N. M. Environmental characteristics and utilization potential of metallurgical slag. Environmental Geochemistry. 2018. pp. 487–519. DOI: 10.1016/B978-0-444-63763-5.00020-3
2. Smirnov L. A., Leontiev L. I., Sorokin Yu. V. Processing and use of industrial waste from metallurgical production. Collection of proceedings of the International Congress “Fundamentals of technologies for processing and disposal of industrial waste.” Ekaterinburg, 2012. pp. 15–19.
3. Ibragimov V. E., Bazhin V. Yu. Modern technologies for processing aluminum slag based on salt-free environmentally oriented methods. Estestvennye i tekhnicheskie nauki. 2020. No. 6 (144). pp. 155–162.
4. Gorshkov V. S., Timashev V. V., Savelyev V. G. Methods of physical and chemical analysis of binders : textbook. Moscow : Vysshaya shkola, 1981. 335 p.
5. Schlackenatlas : Handbuch. Translated from Germany by G. I. Zhmoydin. Moscow : Metallurgiya, 1985. 208 p.
6. Toropov N. A. Chemistry of cements. Moscow : State Publishing House of Literature on Construction Materials, 1956. 271 p.
7. Shapovalov N. A., Zagorodnyuk L. Kh., Tikunova I. V., Shchekina A. Yu. et al. Metallurgical slags are an effective raw material for the production of dry building mixtures. Fundamentalnye issledovaniya. 2013. Iss. 1. No. 1. pp. 167–172.
8. Sheshukov O. Yu., Mikheenkov M. A., Egiazaryan D. K., Ovchinnikova L. A. Features of stabilization of self-disintegrating high-calcium refining slags of ferrous metallurgy by chemical method. Fundamental research and applied development of processes for treatment and recycling of man-made formations. Ural market for scrap, industrial and municipal waste: Proceedings of the Congress with International Participation and the Conference of Young Scientists, V Forum, Ekaterinburg, June 5–9, 2017. Ekaterinburg : Institute of Metallurgy, Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 2017. pp. 153–156.
9. Gerasimov A., Kotova E., Ustinov I. Applied mineralogy of anthropogenic accessory minerals. 14^th International Congress for Applied Mineralogy (ICAM2019), Belgorod, 23–27 September 2019, Belgorod. pp. 70–74. DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-22974-0_16
10. Mikheenkov M. A., Sheshukov O. Yu., Sivtsov A. V., Egiazaryan D. K. Features of the phase composition formation of steel-smelting slags and assessment of the possibility of their using in the production of eco-concrete. VI Congress with International Participation and Scientific and Technical Conference of Young Scientists “Fundamental Research and Applied Development of Processes for Treatment and Disposal of Technogenic Formations”, Ekaterinburg, July 11–14, 2023. Ekaterinburg: Institute of Metallurgy, Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 2023. pp. 100–102.
11. Leontiev L. I., Sheshukov O. Yu., Mikheenkov M. A., Stepanov A. I. et al. Technological features of processing EAF and LF slags into building materials and experience in recycling refining slag at JSC STZ. Stal. 2014. No. 6. pp. 106–109.
12. Kriskova L., Eroli M., Iacobescu R. I., Onisei S. et al. Transformation of stainless steel slag toward a reactive cementitious binder. Journal of the American Ceramic Society. 2018. Vol. 4. pp. 1727–1736.
13. Durinck D. Arnout S., Mertens G., Boydens E., Jones P. T. et al. Borate distribution in stabilized stainless-steel slag. Journal of the American ceramic society. 2008. Vol. 2. pp. 548–554.
14. Kim Y. M., Hong S. H. Influence of minor ions on the stability and hydration rates of β-dicalc iumsilicate. Journal of the American Ceramic Society. 2004. Vol. 5. pp. 900–905.
15. Eriksson J., Bjorkman B. MgO modification of slag from stainless steelmaking. VII International Conference on Molten Slags, Fluxes and Salts. 2004. pp. 455–459.
16. Engstrom F., Pontikes Y., Geysen D., Jones P. T. et al. Hot stage engineering to improve slag valorisation options. International Slag Valorisation Symposium: Katholieke Universitat, 2011. pp. 230–251.
17. Schüler S., Markus H. P., Algermissen D., Mudersbach D. Quality of electric arc furnace slag from high-grade steelmaking as a function of metallurgy. Chernye Metally. 2015. No. 9. pp. 31–41.
18. Gieseler J. Properties of iron and steel slags regarding their use. Proceedings of the Sixth International Conference on Molten Slags, Fluxes and Salts. Stockholm, Sweden-Helsinki, Finland. 12–17 June, 2000. p. 207.
19. Chan C. J., Kriven W. M., Young J. F. Physical stabilization of the beta to gamma transformation in dicalcium silicate. Journal of the American Ceramic Society. 1992. Vol. 75. pp. 1621–1627.
20. Lebedev A. B., Utkov V. A., Bazhin V. Yu. The use of red mud as a modifier in the granulation of metallurgical slag. Vestnik Irkutskogo gosudarstvennogo tekhnicheskogo universiteta. 2019. Vol. 23. No. 1 (144). pp. 158–168.
21. Durinck D., Arnout S., Mertens G. et al. Borate distribution in stabilized stainless-steel slag. Journal of the American Ceramic Society. 2008. Vol. 91, Iss. 2. pp. 548–554.
22. Demin B. L., Sorokin Yu. V., Shcherbakov E. N. et al. Development and testing of technology for crystal-chemical stabilization of LF`s self-disintegrating steel slag in the conditions of the Seversk Pipe Plant: Proceedings of the XIII Congress of Steelmakers. Ekaterinburg : Ezaprint, 2014. pp. 398–402.
23. Demin B. L., Sorokin Yu. V., Shcherbakov E. N. et al. Technical solutions for processing selfdisintegrating slags. Chernaya metallurgiya. Byulleten nauchno-tekhnicheskoy i ekonomicheskoy informatsii. 2012. No. 12. pp. 63–71.
24. Bodyakov A. N., Meshkova K. V., Dukhovny G. S. Stabilization of metallurgical slug from arc steel-making furnaces. IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering. IOP Publishing, 2020. Vol. 945. No. 1. 012082.
25. Pribulová A., Futas P., Baricová D. Processing and utilization of metallurgical slags. Production engineering archives. 2016. Vol. 11, Iss. 2. pp. 2–5.
26. Leontiev L. I., Ponomarev V. I., Sheshukov O. Yu. Processing and disposal of industrial waste from metallurgical production. Ekologiya i promyshlennost Rossii. 2016. Vol. 20. No. 3. pp. 24–27.
27. Beletskaya V. A., Rumyantseva E. L. Prospects for the use of OEMK`s electric furnace slags. Vestnik Belgorodskogo gosudarstvennogo tekhnicheskogo universiteta imeni V. G. Shukhova. 2011. No. 3. pp. 140–144.
28. Taranina T. I., Kabanova L. Ya., Korolev A. S., Zyryanov F. A. ChEMK`s stabilized low-carbon ferrochrome slag: mineralogical and petrographic features. Mineralogiya tekhnogeneza. 2011. No. 12. pp. 62–71.
29. Sheshukov O. Yu., Mikheenkov M. A., Nekrasov I. V., Egiazaryan D. K. et al. Issues of recycling steelmaking refining slags. Ekaterinburg : UrFU, 2017. 208 p.