Chemical and Metallurgical Institute named after Zh. Abishev (Karaganda, Kazakhstan)

G. S. Yerekeeva, Postgraduate Student, Junior Researcher, “Metallurgy of Steel and material Science” laboratory, e-mail: yerekeyeva.g@mail.ru
G. I. Narikbaeva, Scientific Researcher, “Metallurgical melts” laboratory
I. Ya. Korsukova, Scientific Researcher, “Metallurgical melts” laboratory

National Center on Complex Processing of Mineral Raw Materials of the Republic of Kazakhstan (Almaty, Kazakhstan)
F. R. Kapsalamova, Senior Researcher

At present time, taking into account the existing situation in the raw material base of production of manganese ferroalloys, the technologies for obtaining new carbon reducing agents for metals from weakly coking, long-flaming and high-ash coals instead of metallurgical coke are developed intensively. It was caused first of all by the fact, that chemical compositions vary cardinally and become low-melting during the process of development of deposits (in particular manganese ores). As a result, technological violations and decrease of production volumes of manganese alloys occur in the furnaces of manganese production shops. Respectively, establishment of regularities in phases interaction, in forming of their crystallization fields and in reducing reactions of the elements by carbon from liquid melts in multi-component systems is especially important. At the same time, the obtained results allow to optimize their manufacturing technologies from different kinds of raw materials and to predict searching ways or rational charge compositions for processing of different low-melting manganese and other raw materials. The aim of this research is to reveal the features of forming of the crystallization fields of galaxite phase MnO–Al2O3 as the most important metallurgical phase and to determine dissociation degree in molten state, as well as to assess influence of these appearances of completeness of extraction of the aimed elements (Mn) from raw materials into metal to stabilize the technological process. The numerical results of dissociation degree for galaxite congruent compound were obtained using Gibbs energy of dissociation reaction and equilibrium constant of this reaction. Material on behaviour of the osmotic coefficient of Bjerrum-Guggenheim is demonstrated as a criterion of melt structure assessment. It was established that dissociation degree of MnO–Al2O3 compound increases with temperature rise and makes 50 % at the melting temperature.
This study was made under the project of Committee of Science of the Ministry of Education and Science of the Republic of Kazakhstan for 2021–2023, IRN AP09259157/SPh.

1. Makasheva A. M., Malyshev V. P. Cluster–Associate Model for the Viscosity of Sodium Fluoride in Comparison with the Frenkel Model. Russian Metallurgy (Metally). 2021. No. 2. pp. 176–180.
2. Akberdin A., Kim A. S., Orlov A. S., Sultangaziyev R. B., Makasheva A. M. Mathematical models of viscosity diagrams and crystallization temperatures of melts of the CaO–SiO₂–Al₂O₃–B₂O₃ system. Metalurgija. 2023. Vol. 62. No. 1. pp. 49–52.
3. Batalin G. I., Beloborodova E. A. Use of the theory and “encircled atom” in thermodynamics of liquid metallic alloys. In book: Thermodynamic properties of metallic alloys and modern methods of their investigation. Kiev. 1976. pp. 115–119.
4. Slag atlas. Directory. Translated from German. Moscow: Metallurgiya. 1985. 208 p.
5. Tolokonnikova V. V., Baisanov S., Yerekeyeva G. S., Narikbayeva G. I., Korsukova I. Y. Evaluation of the Degree of Dissociation of A Congruent Compound Fe2Ti across the Bjerrum–Guggenheim Coefficient. Metals. 2022. Vol. 12 (12). 2132.
6. Baisanov S., Tolokonnikova V., Narikbayeva G., Korsukova I., Mukhambetgaliyev E. Estimation of dissociation degree of congruently melting compounds through osmotic coefficient of Bjerrum-Guggenheim. Metalurgija. 2020. Vol. 59. Iss. 3. pp. 343–346.
7. Vorobkalo N., Baisanov A., Makhambetov Ye., Mynzhasar Ye., Nurgali N. Technological research of process for producing titanium rich slag and complex titanium-containing ferroalloy. Heliyon. 2023. Vol. 9. Iss. 8. e18989.
8. Lukas H. L., Fries S. G., Sundman B. Computational Thermodynamics, the Calphad Method. Cambridge: University Press. 2007. 324 p.
9. Kulikov I. S. Thermal dissociation of compounds. Мoscow: Metallurgiya. 1966. 251 p.
10. Zakharov M. A. Calculation of the main types of state diagrams for binary solutions within the framework of generalized lattice model. Vestnik Novgorodskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta. 2016. No. 7 (98). pp. 22–26.
11. Malyshev V. P., Makasheva A. M. Relationship between the cluster theory of liquids and the Frenkel-Andrade viscosity model. Russ. Chem. Bull. 202. No. 69. pp. 1296–1305.
12. Voronin G. F., Voskov A. L. Calculations of phase equilibria and building the diagrams via the method of convex shells. Vestnik Moskovskogo universiteta, Series 2. Khimiya. 2013. Vol. 54. No. 1. pp. 3–11.
13. Glazov V. M., Pavlova L. M. Chemical thermodynamics and phase equilibria. Moscow: Metallurgiya. 1981. 336 p.
14. Ruzinov L. P., Gulyanitskiy V. S. Equilibrium transformations of metallurgical reactions. Moscow : Metallurgiya. 1975. 417 p.
15. Kapsalamova F. R., Kenzhaliyev B. K., Mironov V. G., Krasikov S. A. Structural and Phase Transformations in Wear Resistant Fe–Ni–Cr–Cu–Si–B–C Coatings. Journal of the Balkan Tribological Association. 2019. Vol. 25. No 1. pp. 95–103.
16. Tolokonnikovа V., Baisanov S., Narikbayeva G., Korsukova I. Assessment of dissociation rate of FeCr₂O₄ using the Bjerrum-Guggenheim coefficient. Metallurgiya. 2021. Vol. 60. No. 3–4. pp. 303–305.
17. Yessengaliyev D., Kelamanov B., Zayakin O. Thermodynamic modeling of the recovery process of manganese by metallothermic method. Journal of Chemical Technology and Metallurgy. 2022. Vol. 57 (6). pp. 1230–1234.
18. Krestovnikov A. N., Vladimirov L. P., Gulyanitskiy V. S., Fisher A. Ya. Directory on equilibrium calculations for metallurgical reactions. Moscow: GNTI Literatura po chernoy i tsvetnoy metallurgii. 1968. 416 p.
19. Zhumagaliev Ye., Yerekeyeva G., Nurumgaliyev A., Mongolkhan O., Davletova A., Sagynbekova G. Thermodynamic-diagram analysis of the Fe–Si–Al–Cr system with the construction of diagrams of phase relations. Metalurgija. 2022. Vol. 61 (3–4). pp. 825–827.
20. Shabanov E. Zh., Baisanova A. M., Grigorovich K. V., Toleukadyr R. T., Inkarbekova I. S., Samuratov E. K. Phase Transitions on Heating a Mixture of Chromium Ore with Aluminosilicochrome as a New Reducing Agent. Russian metallurgу (Metallу). 2020. No. 6. pp. 634–639.
21. Makhambetov Y., Abdirashit A., Kuatbay Y., Yerzhanov A., Issengaliyeva G., Angsapov A. Research of microstructure and phase composition of a new complex alloy–alumosilicomanganese (Al–Si–Mn). Metalurgija. 2022. Vol. 61 (3–4). pp. 804–806.
22. Zhuniskaliyev T., Nurumgaliyev A., Zayakin O., Mukhambetgaliyev Y., Kuatbay Y., Mukhambetkaliyev A. Investigation and comparison of the softening temperature of manganese ores used for the production of complex ligatures based on Fe–Si–Mn–Al. Metalurgija. 2020. Vol. 59 (4). pp. 521–524.
23. Kelamanov B., Samuratov Y., Akuov A., Sariev O., Tastanova L., Abdirashit A. Thermodynamic-diagram analysis of Fe–Ni–C–O system. Metalurgija. 2022. Vol. 61 (1). pp. 261–264.