Institute of History and Archeology, Ural Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Yekaterinburg, Russia

E. G. Neklyudov, Chief Researcher, Doctor of Historical Sciences, ntplant9@mail.ru

The article introduces the works published by German-Russian industrialist Andrey A. Knauf in the Gornyi Zhurnal in 1826–1835. At that time, as a result breakdown of financial relationships with the European partners during the Napoleonic Wars, he was declared a bankrupt, and was put aside from the management of his plants which were first under creditors’ and then under government administration. Even at that troublesome period of his life, he kept being interested in the mining art, read scientific literature and technical journals, learned about discoveries of European scientists in the field of metallurgy at plants situated nearby Saint-Petersburg, examined technical innovations of Russian specialists and personally supervised experimentations at the Ural plants of his own. The experimentation trends were the feedstock, fuel and man power saving, and the metallurgical process improvement. The scope of the experiments embraced introduction of an English method of iron rolling milling, use of malleable iron liquid in blast furnaces, control of airblast facilities, utilization of wood rather than charcoal in blast-furnace smelting, etc. Knauf published numerous articles on the results of the experiments in Gornyi Zhurnal which he cooperated with from the start of the periodical. In 1826 the expert author was honored to become a member of the Academic Committee for Mines and Salts, which was engaged in publishing that top mining-related science and technology Journal in the country. Later on, the Editorial Board of the Journal entrusted A. Knauf with implementing statistical research of productivity at the governmental and private plants in the Urals. The genuine interest of Andrey A. Knauf in technical novations and his striving for propagation of information about them in Russia through the Journal makes him special amongst mining industrialists of the first half of the 19^th century. His participation in the activity of the Editorial Board includes him on the list of the first Journal’s authors and promoters respected by the mining society.

1. Kirillov V. M., Dashkevich L. A., Korepanov N. S. et al. Germans in the Urals of the 17^th–20^th Centuries. Nizhny Tagil : Izdatelstvo NTGSPA, 2009. 288 p.
2. Keller A. Der Deutsch–Russische Unternehmer Andreas Knauf im Ural Der Аufstieg. Quaestio Rossica. 2013. No. 1. pp. 144–159.
3. Keller A. Der Deutsch–Russische Unternehmer Andreas Knauf: Der Praktiker Im Ural. Quaestio Rossica. 2014. No. 1. pp. 206–218.
4. Neklyudov E. G. Ural Industrialists in the First Half of the 19^th Century : Owners and Ownerships. Nizhny Tagil : Izdatelstvo NTGSPA, 2004. 597 p.
5. Geognostical review of Knauf’s plants. Colonel Menshenin’s Report. Gornyi Zhurnal. 1835. Book 4, Iss. 2. pp. 37–40.
6. Rzheshotarskiy A. Direct-process malleable iron. Brockhaus and Efron Encyclopedic Dictionary. Vol. XVIA. Saint-Petersburg : Tipo-Litografiya I. A. Efrona, 1895. pp. 780–781.
7. Sobolevskiy P. Benefit of using direct-process malleable iron liquid in melting in blast furnaces. Gornyi Zhurnal. 1825. Book 3. pp. 123–130.
8. Akhmatov. Melting of direct-process malleable iron liquid in blast furnaces. Gornyi Zhurnal. 1827. Book 7. pp. 65–76.
9. Knauf A. Comment on melting of direct-process malleable iron liquid in blast furnaces. Gornyi Zhurnal. 1828. Book 4. pp. 75–79.
10. Solemn meeting of the Academic Committee on Mines and Salts. Gornyi Zhurnal. 1827. Book 4. pp. 156–160.
11. Knauf A. A. Comments on blast furnacing at the Irga Plant. Gornyi Zhurnal. 1826. Book 8. pp. 193–201.
12. Knauf A. News on experiment at Saint-Petersburg Aleksandrovsky Ironworks with comments on the English way of iron-making. Gornyi Zhurnal. 1827. Book 9. pp. 93–107.
13. Gallyakhovskiy G. Comments on imitating England in iron making. Gornyi Zhurnal. 1830. Book 4, Iss. 2. pp. 66–99.
14. Klark V. Use of wood in iron smelting in blast furnaces and its air re-melting. Gornyi Zhurnal. 1830. Book 5, Iss. 2. pp. 212–219.
15. Use of wood instead of charcoal in blast furnaces. Gornyi Zhurnal. 1830. Book 4, Iss. 2. pp. 99–118.
16. Comments on previous article by Academic Committee member A. A. Knauf. Gornyi Zhurnal. 1830. Book 5, Iss. 2. pp. 219–228.
17. Knauf A. A. News on continued iron ore smelting using wood at Mr. Fok’s Sumbul Plant. Gornyi Zhurnal. 1830. Book 11, Iss. 4. pp. 241–249.
18. Knauf A. A. Comparison of iron smelting using coal at Major General Kandiba’s Gabrolovo Plant with iron smelting using wood only at Mr. Fok’s Sumbul Plant. Gornyi Zhurnal. 1830. Book 11, Iss. 4. pp. 267–270.
19. Knauf A. A. Use of water in overshot wheels. Gornyi Zhurnal. 1835. Book 12, Iss. 4. pp. 488–491.
20. Comparative record on iron smelting and iron production at governmental and private works at the Ural Ridge, which comments by A. A. Knauf. Gornyi Zhurnal. 1828. Book 8. pp. 143–158.
21. Knauf A. Overview of iron smelting and iron production at the Ural Ridge in 1827. Gornyi Zhurnal. 1830. Book 11, Iss. 4. pp. 220–239.
22. Chaykovskiy. Description of iron smelting using birch coal at plants of heiresses of Merchant Rastorguev. Gornyi Zhurnal. 1831. Book 8, Iss. 3. pp. 284–291.
23. Knauf A. Iron ore melting at the Kyshtym plants. Gornyi Zhurnal. 1832. Book 3, Iss. 1. pp. 420–424.
24. Neklyudov E. G. Ural Industrialists in the Second Half of the 19^th–early 20^th Century : Owners and Ownerships. Yekaterinburg : RIO UrO RAN, 2013. 657 p.