Journals →  Eurasian Mining →  2024 →  #2 →  Back

DEVELOPMENT OF DEPOSITS
ArticleName Development of blasting designs for underground mining in the Kauldy Mine of Almalyk Mining and Metallurgical Company
DOI 10.17580/em.2024.02.13
ArticleAuthor Umarov F. Ya., Nasirov U. F., Zairov Sh. Sh., Nutfulloyev G. S.
ArticleAuthorData

Almalyk Branch of the National University of Science and Technology—MISIS, Almalyk, Republic of Uzbekistan

Umarov F. Ya., Director, Professor, Doctor of Engineering Sciences, farkhodbek.umarov@yandex.ru
Nasirov U. F., Deputy Director, Professor, Doctor of Engineering Sciences
Zairov Sh. Sh., Head of Department, Professor, Doctor of Engineering Sciences
Nutfulloyev G. S., Head of Department, Associate Professor, Doctor of Engineering Sciences

Abstract

The implemented analysis of the perimeter control blast designs in the Kauldy Mine of Almalyk MMC shows that the method efficiency depends on the correct selection of a spacing between perimeter blastholes, ratio of the blasthole spacing to the burden relative to the buffer blast row and a volume ratio of explosive charge and blasthole. The experimental procedure of the perimeter control blasting design in underground mining is developed. The procedure made is possible to estimate the influence exerted on the perimeter control blasting efficiency by: shattering force and strength of explosives, spacing of the perimeter blastholes, closeness factor of the blastholes, charge design, incline angles of the perimeter blastholes and geological structure of the ambient environment. An ‘effective stemming’ technique is proposed as blasting of an additional shortened blasthole to make a face cut in treated rock mass. The varying density stemming generated by blasting an additional inclined and shortened blasthole increases burning of blastholes by 2 times. From the hydrodynamic theory of cumulation of explosive effect, the depth of breaking in rock mass is determined as function of the cumulative jet length and density, density of rocks as well as compressibility of rocks and the jet material. The studies show that efficient rock fragmentation by blasting with cumulation of explosive effect is achieved by means of changing the angle of implosion of cumulative liner, dependent on the initial/final velocity ratio of the cumulative jet, the time of the jet action on rocks, as well as the height and thickness of the cumulative liner. Adjustment of the implosion angle can reduce the yield of oversize by 1.2 times. The method of rock breaking by blasthole charges with cumulation of explosive effect is developed and tested on a full scale in underground mining. The method allows enlarging the blasting pattern effect owing to the complete use of explosion energy, increasing the utilization factor of blastholes, decreasing the powder factor and, thereby, cutting down the expenses connected with drilling and blasting in underground mining by 20%. The perimeter control blasting design is developed for underground mining, and a set of interrelated parameters which govern the blasting performance at the perimeter of mine roadways is determined, including the spacing of blastholes, the charging ratio, the closeness ratio and the delay of electric detonators in the perimeter blastholes.

keywords Underground mining, blasting, blasthole, mine roadways, perimeter control blasting, method of rock breaking by blasthole charges with cumulation of explosive effect, perimeter control blasting design in underground mining
References

1. Tazhibaev K. T., Tazhibaev D. D., Akmatalieva M. S. Definition residual and operating stresses by a polarizing acoustic method. International Journal of Humanities and Natural Sciences. 2018. No. 4. pp. 134–139.
2. Tyupin V. N. Geomechanical and Blasting-Induced Processes in High-Stress and Jointed Rock Masses. Monograph. Belgorod : ID Belgorod NIU BelGU, 2017. 192 p.
3. Borovkov Yu. A. Ground Control in Underground Geotechnology. Moscow : Lan, 2018. 240 p.
4. Tsirel S. V., Pavlovich A. A. Challenges and advancement in geomechanical justification of pit wall designs. Gornyi Zhurnal. 2017. No. 7. pp. 39–45.
5. Zhiqiang Yang, Qian Gao, Mao-hui Li, Guangcun Zhang. Stability analysis and design of open pit mine slope in China. EJGE. 2014. Vol. 19. рp. 10247–10266.
6. Momeni A., Karakus M., Khanlari G. R., Heidari M. Effects of cyclic loading on the mechanical properties of a granite. International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences. 2015. Vol. 77. pp. 89–96.
7. Lyashenko V. I., Nebogin V. Z., Shkarin V. V. Improvement of safety of blasting using emulsion explosives in mines. Occupational Safety in Industry. 2015. No. 7. pp. 28–32.
8. Reiter K., Heidbach O. 3-D geomechanical–numerical model of the contemporary crustal stress state in the Alberta Basin (Canada). Solid Earth. 2014. Vol. 5, Iss. 2. pp. 1123–1149.
9. Johnson C. E. Fragmentation analysis in the dynamic stress wave collision regions in bench blasting. Theses and Dissertations — Mining Engineering. 2014. Vol. 16. 158 p.
10. Dowling J., Beale G., Bloom J. Designing a large scale pit slope depressurization system at Bingham Canyon. International Mine Water Association Annual Conference. Reliable Mine Water Technology. 2013. Vol. I. pp. 119–125.
11. Tapia A., Contreras L. F., Jefferies M., Steffen О. Risk evaluation of slope failure at the Chuquicamata mine. Slope Stability 2007. Proceedings of 2007 International Symposium on Rock Slope Stability in Open Pit Mining and Civil Engineering (ed. Y. Potvin). 2007. pp. 477–495. DOI: 10.36487/ACG_repo/708_32
12. Brummer R. K., Li H., Moss A., Casten T. The transition from open pit to underground mining: An unusual slope failure mechanism at Palabora. Proceedings of International Symposium on Stability of Rock Slopes in Open Pit Mining and Civil Engineering, The South African Institute of Mining and Metallurgy. 2006. pp. 411–420.
13. Wines D. R., Lilly P. A., Measurement and analysis of rock mass discontinuity spacing and frequency in part of the Fimiston Open Pit operation in Kalgoorlie, Western Australia: a case study. International Journal of Rock Mechanics & Mining Sciences. 2002. Vol. 39, Iss. 5. pp. 589–602.
14. Wesseloo J., Read J. Acceptance criteria in open pit slope design. CSIRO, Leiden. 2013. pp. 221–236.
15. Snitka N. P., Nasirov U. F., Mislibayev I. T., Nutfulloyev G. S. Resource-Saving Technologies of Drilling and Blasting in Open Pit Mines. Monograph. Tashkent : Fan, 2017. 240 p.
16. Umarov F. Ia., Nasirov U. F., Nutfulloev G. S., Nazarov Z. S., Sharipov L. O. et al. Improving the efficiency of tunneling underground mine workings with the use of blastblasthole charges with munroe effect. Minerals and Mining Engineering. 2020. No. 3. pp. 15–23.
17. Kucherskiy N. I. Modern Technologies in Mining Primary Gold Deposits. Moscow : Ruda i Metally, 2007. 696 p.
18. Malgin O. N., Rubtsov S. K., Shemetov P. A., Shlykov A. G. Improvement of Drilling-and-Blasting Technology in Open Pit Mining. Tashkent : Fan, 2003. 199 p.
19. Nasirov U. F., Ochilov S. A., Umirzoqov A. A. Theoretical calculation of the optimal distance between parallel-close charges in the explosion of high ledges. Journal of Advanced Research in Dynamical and Control Systems. 2020. Vol. 12, 7 Special Issue. pp. 2251–2257.
20. Umarov F. Ya., Nasirov U. F., Nutfulloev G. S., Gaibnazarov B. A. Experimental research of shaped charges with electrohydraulic effect with a view to improving blasting safety and efficiency. Gornyi Zhurnal. 2022. No. 8. pp. 36–41.
21. Zairov Sh. Sh., Urinov Sh. R., Nomdorov R. U. Ensuring wall stability in the course of blasting at open pits of Kyzyl Kum Region. Mining Science and Technology. 2020. Vol. 5. No. 3. pp. 235–252.

Full content Development of blasting designs for underground mining in the Kauldy Mine of Almalyk Mining and Metallurgical Company
Back