Abdullayev Institute of Geology and Geophysics, Tashkent, Republic of Uzbekistan

M. A. Munduzova, Head of Geological Department, Candidate of Geological and Mineralogical Sciences, mavlyuda.munduzova1956@gmail.com

Institute of Mineral Resources, Tashkent, Republic of Uzbekistan
Yu. B. Ezhkov, Head of Department of Rare Elements and Rare Earths, Candidate of Geological and Mineralogical Sciences
R. M. Khantemirov, Head of Solid Mineral Prediction
S. I. Borminskiy

In recent years, more and more attention has been paid to bituminous dolomites and black shales as a reserve of complex deposits of the future. Bituminous dolomites and black shales are represented by thin and laterally extended layers, alternating with other varieties of dolomites, shales, limestones, siliceous rocks and bentonites. Bituminous dolomites and black, organically rich shales were deposited in very calm conditions, on or near tectonically stable continental blocks. Some of the richest and largest deposits probably formed on the margins of these blocks, apparently in an environment of foothill stability. Gold and other mineralization apparently accumulated syngenetically with the sediment. It should be noted that the presence of organic matter, and ore and non-metallic minerals in shales contributes to the distribution of metals over all these components. The inorganic part of dolomites and shales contains: silicates and aluminosilicates, sulfides, oxides and other minerals. In addition, a significant part of the metals is included in the composition of organometallic complexes. Oil shales and black dolomites of Uzbekistan are everywhere enriched with molybdenum, vanadium, uranium, tungsten, rhenium, gold and other metals, which are directly dependent on the content of organic carbon. It is assumed that metals in black dolomites and oil shales occur as organometallic compounds since sulfides in the form of molybdenite, ferromolybdenite and powellite are determined only for molybdenum.

1. Arnold G., Klasic G, Schomburg M., York A., Baum M. et al. Boom, bust, action! How communities can cope with boom-bust cycles in unconventional oil and gas development. Review of Policy Research. 2022. Vol. 39, Iss. 5. pp. 541–569.
2. Zafarova A. M. Integrated and wasteless processing of oil shale using native energy sources. Kontsept. 2014. Vol. 20. pp. 4221–4225.
3. Starostin V. I. Metallogeny. 3^rd revised and enlarged edition. Moscow : MAKS Press, 2021. 652 p.
4. Zhao W., Xhu R., Liu W., Bian C., Wang K. Enrichment conditions and distribution characteristics of lacustrine medium-to-high maturity shale oil in China. Earth Science Frontiers. 2023. Vol. 30, Iss. 1. pp. 242–249.
5. Ilyasov V. S., Staroverov V. N. Upper jurassic oil shale of the Volga basin: Lithotypes, formation models and producibility. Vestnik Voronezhskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta. Seriya: Geologiya. 2021. No. 1. pp. 26–35.
6. Ezhkov Yu. B., Rakhimov R. R., Novikova I. V., Rustamzhonov R. R. Geology, Geochemistry, Mineralogy and Sample Deposits of Uranium. Tashkent : NIIMR, 2016. 220 p.
7. Tsoy V. D., Koroleva I. V. Nonconventional apo carbonate-type gold mineralization in Uzbekistan. Modern Problems of Theoretical, Experimental and Applied Mineralogy : Proceedings of Russian Conference with International Participation. Syktyvkar : IG Komi NTs UrO RAN, 2022. pp. 73–74.
8. Ezhkov B. B., Rakhimov R. R., Panasyuchenko V. K., Novikova I. V. Rare Elements in Uzbekistan. Tashkent : Nauchno-issledovatelskiy institut mineralnykh resursov, 2013. 150 p.
9. Yusupkhodzhaev A. M., Almatov I. M., Usenov R. B. Implementation of integrated oil shale processing project. Integration of Science and Practice—Mechanism of Effective Development of Geology Sector in Uzbekistan : International Conference Proceedings. Tashkent, 2018. p. 425.
10. Almatov I. M., Usenov R. B., Makhmarezhabov D. B. Comprehensive processing methods for oil shale from the Aktau deposit (Uzbekistan). Obogashchenie Rud. 2023. No. 6. pp. 28–32.
11. Аlmatov I. М., Sagdiyeva M. G., Yusupkhodzhaev A. M. Extraction of Valuable Elements from Ash of Fuel Shale of the Aktau and Sangruntau Deposit. International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development. 2020. Vol. 4, Iss. 5. pp. 1139–1142.
12. Аlmatov I. М., Yusupkhodzhaev A. M. Prospects of integrated oil shale processing in Uzbekistan. Structure, Substance and History of Lithosphere of the Timan–Northern Ural Segment : Proceedings of the 30th Conference Held by the Institute of Geology, Komi Science Center, Ural Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences. Syktyvkar : IG Komi NTs UrO RAN, 2021. pp. 16–17.
13. Аlmatov I. М., Alimov D. Sh., Mardonov N. N. Integrated Aktau oil shale processing with production of petroleum derivatives and metal concentrations. Vestnik Universiteta geologicheskikh nauk. 2022. No. 2. pp. 41–43.
14. Yusupkhodjaev A. M., Sagdieva M. G., Аlmatov I. М., Soatov S. A. Perspectivity of black shale ore processing with the incidental extraction of rare and rare earth elements in the Republic of Uzbekistan. Global Scientific Journal. 2021. Vol. 9, Iss. 5. pp. 1937–1940.
15. Protsenko V. F. Minerageny of Black Shale Strata. Tashkent : Nauchno-issledovatelskiy institut mineralnykh resursov, 2014. 264 p.
16. Nazarenko M. Yu., Kondrasheva N. K., Saltykova S. N. Efficiency of applying oil shale and ashshale wastes for water treatment from organic pollutants. Bulletin of the Tomsk Polytechnic University, Geo Assets Engineering. 2016. Vol. 327, No. 9. pp. 95–103.
17. Young R. G. Uranium deposits of the world, excluding Europe. Uranium Geochemistry, Mineralogy, Geology, Exploration and Resources. London : Institution of Mining and Metallurgy, 1984. pp. 117–139.
18. Sim L. A. Central Kyzylkum Uranium Province. Uranium Geology, Prospecting and Exploration. Tashkent : Nauchno-issledovatelskiy institut mineralnykh resursov, 2010. 220 p.
19. Kozlov A. M., Karpov A. B., Sarkisyan A. E., Putenikhin I. O., Skorodumova E. A. Use and processing of shales. Resin of shale processing. Neftegaz.RU. 2021. No. 7(115). pp. 34–37.