Empress Catherine II Saint Petersburg Mining University, Saint Petersburg, Russia

E. I. Pryakhin, Dr. Eng., Prof., Head of the Dept. of Materials Science and Technology of Artistic Processing of Materials, e-mail: e.p.mazernbc@yandex.ru
V. A. Azarov, Postgraduate Student, Dept. opf Materials Science and Technology of Artistic Processing of Materials, e-mail: azarovvolodya@yandex.ru

With the development of the fuel and energy complex, the issues of reliable and safe operation of steel main gas pipelines are becoming more urgent. Currently, there is an increase in the number of deposits that are characterized by an increased content of high-carbon and other non-hydrocarbon components. Most of these deposits are located in the regions of the Far North, which are characterized by low climatic temperatures. In these conditions, it is necessary to use special internal coatings for main pipelines, which have high protective properties and the ability to maintain a sufficiently high elasticity under the influence of negative climatic temperatures. This article discusses the protective properties of fluoroplastic coatings, in order to be able to use them as internal coatings of main gas pipelines, taking into account the previously mentioned features of their operation. Studies have been conducted on water resistance, solvent resistance and salt mist resistance, which have shown high protective properties of the coating. Studies of the continuity of the coating by the electric spark method were also carried out, according to the results of which it was established that there were no gaps in the coating at a thickness corresponding to the requirements of regulatory and technical documentation. A study of the coating for resistance to low temperatures has shown that it retains its appearance without signs of cracking. Based on the results of the work, it can be concluded that the fluoroplastic coatings under consideration have high protective and dielectric properties, as well as the cold resistance required for low-temperature climatic zones of the Far North. Thus, coatings based on fluoroplastic polymers can be recommended as internal protective coatings of main gas pipelines, especially those gas pipelines located in the Far North.

1. Gritsenko A. I. Opening of ethane-containing gas deposits is a key stage in the development of the Russian gas industry. Gazokhimiya. 2010. No. 12. pp. 30–33.
2. Laryukhin A. I., Eremina L. N., Mitnitsky R. A. Monitoring of physical and chemical characteristics of hydrocarbons for control and improvement of production, preparation and transportation of products of the Urengoy oil and gas condensate complex. Nauchno-tekhnicheskiy sbornik “Vesti gazovoy nauki“. 2013. No. 4 (15). pp. 106–112.
3. Zhdaneev O. V. Ensuring the technological sovereignty of the fuel and energy sectors of the Russian Federation. Journal of Mining Institute. 2022. Vol. 258. pp. 1061–1078. DOI: 10.31897/PMI.2022.107
4. Tcvetkov P. S., Fedoseev S. V. Analysis of project organization specifics in small-scale LNG production. Journal of Mining Institute. 2020. Vol. 246. pp. 678–686. DOI: 10.31897/PMI.2020.6.10
5. Litvinenko V. S., Dvoynikov M. V., Trushko V. L. Elaboration of a conceptual solution for the development of the Arctic shelf from seasonally flooded coastal areas. International Journal of Mining Science and Technology. 2022. Vol. 32(1). pp. 113–119. DOI: 10.1016/j.ijmst.2021.09.010
6. Sheshukova E. I., Shibanov D. A., Ivanov S. L., Nedashkovskaya E. S. Assessment of loads acting on the working attachment of a mine shovel (Part 1). Russian Mining Industry. 2024. Vol. 3. pp. 143–148. DOI: 10.30686/1609-9192-2024-3-143-148
7. Bolobov V. I., Popov G. G. Methodology for testing pipeline steels for resistance to grooving corrosion. Journal of Mining Institute. 2021. Vol. 252. pp. 854–860. DOI: 10.31897/PMI.2021.6.7
8. Nikolaev A., Goluntsov A., Breff A. T. Determination of the coefficient of hydraulic resistance when using anti-turbulence additives. Reliability: Theory & Applications. 2024. Vol. 19 (SI 6 (81)). pp. 107–124. DOI: 10.24412/1932-2321-2024-681-107-124
9. Ermakov B. S., Ermakov S. B., Vologzhanina S. A., Khuznakhmetov R. M. Relationship between operating conditions and the emergence of nano- and ultradispersed grain boundary defects in welded joints. Tsvetnye Metally. 2023. No. 8. pp. 80–85.
10. Petrova L. G., Demin P. E., Barabanov S. I., Kosachev A. V. Application of diffusion techniques for formation of zinc coatings to improve corrosion resistance of structural steels. Polymer Science – Series D. 2017. Vol. 10, Iss. 2. pp. 179–184. DOI: 10.1134/S1995421217020162
11. Maksarov V. V., Efimova M. V., Filipenko I. A. Choosing parameters of a magnetic-abrasive polishing for processing edges of aircraft body parts from aluminum alloys. Tsvetnye Metally. 2024. No. 3. pp. 78–84.
12. Khalid H. U., Ismail M. C., Nosbi N. Permeation damage of polymer liner in oil and gas pipelines : A review. Polymers (Basel). 2020. Vol. 12, Iss. 10. 2307. DOI: 10.3390/polym12102307
13. Varley R. J., Leong K. H. Polymer coatings for oilfield pipelines. Springer Series in Materials Science. 2016. Vol. 233. pp. 385–428. DOI: 10.1007/978-94-017-7540-3_14
14. Vasenin A. B., Stepanov S. E., Zyuzev A. M. et al. Retrospective analysis of the development and prospects of application of pipelines with an internal smooth coating. Avtomatizatsiya i IT v neftegazovoy oblasti. 2022. No. 3(49). pp. 46–56.
15. Botros K. K., Piazza M., Abayarathna D. Tools and methods for internal pipe coating evaluation for gas transmission systems. 2012 9^th Int. Pipeline Conf. 2012. Vol. 1. pp. 115–125. DOI: 10.1115/IPC2012-90210
16. Skiba E. D., Shaposhnikov V. V., Kocharyan E. V. Energy saving in the main gas pipeline transport. 2019 Int. Sci. Technol. Conf. «EastConf», EastConf 2019. 2019. 8725183. DOI: 10.1109/EastConf.2019.8725183
17. Aksu E. Thermosets for pipeline corrosion protection. Thermosets: Structure, Properties, and Applications: Second Edition. 2^nd ed. Elsevier Ltd., 2018. pp. 453–476. DOI: 10.1016/B978-0-08-101021-1.00014-9

18. Shaposhnikov N. О., Golubev I. A., Khorobrov S. V., Kolotiy A. I. et al. Autoclave modeling of corrosion processes occurring in a gas pipeline during transportation of an unprepared multiphase medium containing CO₂. Journal of Mining Institute. 2022. Vol. 258. pp. 915–923. DOI: 10.31897/PMI.2022.92
19. Petkova A. P., Zlotin V. A. Analysis of the efficiency of reducing hydrogen losses in a pipeline made of various austenitic corrosion-resistant steels. Chernye Metally. 2024. No. 9. pp. 50–54.
20. Popov G. G., Bolobov V. I., Oparina A. O., Shvets A. O. Effect of hydrogenation on hardness of metallic materials used in oil and gas industry. International Journal of Engineering, Transactions B: Applications. 2025. Vol. 38, Iss. 2. pp. 295–303. DOI: 10.5829/ije.2025.38.02b.04
21. Yang X. H. et al. Aerodynamic evaluation of an internal epoxy coating in nature gas pipeline. Prog. Org. Coatings. 2005. Vol. 54, No. 1. pp. 73–77. DOI: 10.1016/j.porgcoat.2005.04.001
22. Keresten A., Ostanin S., Zuev V. Advanced liquid epoxy and polyurethane materials: Internal and external coatings for pipeline and tubing protection. E3S Web Conf. 2021. Vol. 225. pp. 3–6. DOI: 10.1051/e3sconf/202122505004
23. Abdou M. I. et al. Influence of surface modified ilmenite. Melamine - formaldehyde composite on the anti-corrosion and mechanical properties of conventional polyamine cured epoxy for internal coating of gas and oil transmission pipelines. Prog. Org. Coatings. Elsevier, 2017. Vol. 113. pp. 1–14. DOI: 10.1016/j.porgcoat.2017.08.003
24. Ke-xi Liao, Xiao-xiao Li, Yi Jiang, Hong Jing et al. Local corrosion characteristics of a grapheneoxide-modified inner coating. Journal of Central South University. 2020. Vol. 27, Iss. 11. pp. 3213–3226. DOI: 10.1007/s11771-020-4541-5
25. Wang X. et al. Characterization of graphene reinforced epoxy coatings for internal surface of oil and gas pipelines. Pipelines 2019 Multidiscip. Top. Util. Eng. Surv. - Proc. Sess. Pipelines 2019 Conf. 2019. pp. 478–484. DOI: 10.1061/9780784482506.050
26. Skorobogatov V. A., Khabibullin D. Ya. The role of Cenomanian gas of Western Siberia in the formation and development of the gas industry of Russia in the twentieth century. Nauchny zhurnal Rossiyskogo gazovogo obscchestva. 2021. No. 2 (30). pp. 6–16.
27. Bozhko G. V. Use of fluoroplastics in packing assemblies of hydraulic units. Chemical and Petroleum Engineering. 2001. Vol. 37. No. 9–10. pp. 518–521.
28. Balakai V. I. et al. Properties of composite electrolytic coating nickel – cobalt – aluminum oxide – fluoroplastic. Inorg. Mater. Appl. Res. 2018. Vol. 9, Iss. 2. pp. 317–322. DOI: 10.1134/S2075113318020041
29. Selivanova N. M. et al. Protecting properties of composite fluoroplastic coatings. Russ. J. Appl. Chem. 2002. Vol. 75, Iss. 7. pp. 1157–1161. DOI: 10.1023/A:1020736918242
30. Pavlov A. A., Soboleva E. S. Anti-frictional copper-fluoroplast coating for parts of power equipment. Chem. Pet. Eng. 2021. Vol. 57, Iss. 1–2. pp. 56–59. DOI: 10.1007/s10556-021-00894-0
31. Soboleva E. S. et al. Composition and properties of aqueous fluoroplastic dispersion for deposition of metal–polymer coatings. Russ. J. Appl. Chem. 2021. Vol. 94, Iss. 12. pp. 1608–1613. DOI: 10.1134/S1070427221120065
32. Bayram T. C. et al. FP-based formulations as protective coatings in oil and gas pipelines. Progress in Organic Coatings. 2015. Vol. 88. pp. 54–63. DOI: 10.1016/j.porgcoat.2015.06.028
33. Zhang K. et al. Influence of laser substrate pretreatment on anti-adhesive wear properties of WC/Co-based TiAlN coatings against AISI 316 stainless steel. International Journal of Refractory Metals and Hard Materials. 2016. Vol. 57. pp. 101–114. DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrmhm.2016.03.004
34. Studenekin G. et al. Phosphating of steel in low-temperature solution. Met. 2021 – 30th Anniv. Int. Conf. Metall. Mater. Conf. Proc. 2021. pp. 748–753. DOI: 10.37904/metal.2021
35. Pryakhin E. I., Azarov V. A. Increasing the adhesion of fluoroplastic coatings to steel surfaces of pipes with the view to their use in gas transmission systems. Chernye Metally. 2024. No. 3. pp. 69–75.
36. Gazprom Organization Standard STO No. 2-2.2-180-2007. Technical requirements for internal smooth coating of pipes for construction of main gas pipelines. Moscow : Izdatelskiy dom «Poligrafiya», 2008. 12 p.
37. GOST 9.403–2022. Unified system of corrosion and ageing protection. Paint coatings. Test methods for resistance to liquids static effect. Introduced: 01.02.2023.
38. GOST 9.401–2018. Unified system of corrosion and ageing protection. Paint coatings. General requirements and methods of accelerated tests on resistance to the influence of climatic factors. Introduced: 13.09.2018.
39. GOST 34395–2018. Paint materials. Spark test method for continuity inspection of dielectric coatings on conductive substrates. Introduced: 01.01.2019.
40. GOST 31149–2014. Paint materials. Determination of adhesive by cross-cut method. Introduced: 01.09.2015.