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ArticleName Metal balance: the cost of the issue
DOI 10.17580/tsm.2026.03.13
ArticleAuthor Balzovsky А. V., Volkhin А. А.
ArticleAuthorData

PJSC MMC Norilsk Nickel, Norilsk, Russia

А. V. Balzovsky, Chief Manager of the Production and Technical Department
А. А. Volkhin, Head of the Production and Technical Department, e-mail: VolkhinAA@nornik.ru

Abstract

The relevance of the issue of the accounting system organization for metal-containing products at mining and processing complexes and enterprises of non-ferrous metallurgy is discussed. The types of used balances, their purpose, as well as the practice of using them in analyzing the effectiveness of production processes and for planning the budget of enterprises are considered. The description of the accounting system for metal-containing products operating at the enterprises of PJSC MMC Norilsk Nickel and the areas of application of the data generated by the system for various types of reporting is given. The types of accounting equipment used, methods of quantitative control of material flows, product residues in warehouses and in work-in-progress, a description of sampling procedures, their preparation for analytical control, and applied analytical control methods are indicated. The most promising directions for development and the existing limitations of the use of various methods of accounting and control of metal-containing products are formulated and substantiated. An overview of the digital system for collecting and processing credentials and the degree of business processes documentation is provided. The need to manage the uncertainty in the obtained data and to develop methods for identifying the causes of inherent metal balance discrepancies is substantiated. The main provisions of the Amira P754 Code are presented, relating to the need to document the applied business processes, the organization of accounting for material flows to control the quantity of products and metals contained in them, the assessment of inherent uncertainties, process automation, the organization of internal and external audits of the metal balance system, and risk management. The degree of compliance of the accounting system operating at the enterprises of PJSC MMC Norilsk Nickel with the Amira P754 Code as the best international practice has been assessed. The advantages of investing in improving the business processes of accounting of material flows and the risks caused by the inefficiency of accounting procedures are considered.

keywords Metal balance, balance contour, accounting system, Amira P754 Code, product testing, analytical control, accounting method, accounting uncertainty, measurement error, balance discrepancy
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