Journals →  Chernye Metally →  2026 →  #6 →  Back

New developments in the field of metallurgy and metal science in the Siberian universities and scientific centers
ArticleName Study of burn-on formation patterns on the surface of iron castings
DOI 10.17580/chm.2026.06.03
ArticleAuthor S. A. Khudonogov, T. R. Gilmanshina, I. V. Dubova, I. M. Fedotova
ArticleAuthorData

Siberian Federal University (Krasnoyarsk, Russia)

S. A. Khudonogov, Senior Lecturer, Dept. of Applied Mechanics, shudonogov@sfu-kras.ru
T. R. Gilmanshina, Cand. Eng., Associate Prof., Dept. of Engineering Bachelor’s Programme, gtr1977@mail.ru
I. V. Dubova, Cand. Eng., Associate Prof., Dept. of Fundamental Natural Science Education, idubova@sfu-kras.ru
I. M. Fedotova, Cand. Phys.-Math., Associate Prof., Dept. of Applied Mathematics and Data Analysis, ifedotova@sfu-kras.ru

Abstract

Combating burn-on remains one of the most important challenges in foundry production. Despite extensive experience and modern technologies, mitigating this defect requires continuous improvement of non-stick coatings, mold preparation methods, and strict adherence to casting process conditions. Developing mathematical models of burn-on formation is a complex task due to the multifactorial nature of the process and a number of other factors. The aim of this study is to construct a two-factor model of the combined influence of casting wall thickness and the ratio of natural to activated graphite in the filler of non-stick coatings on the process of burnon formation on the surface of cast iron castings. This study examined the combined influence of casting wall thickness and non-stick coating filler composition, which made it possible to develop a mathematical two-factor model of the combined influence of casting wall thickness and the ratio of natural to activated graphite in the filler of non-stick coatings on the process of burn-on formation on the surface of cast iron castings. The resulting model is quadratic and demonstrates that both wall thickness and filler composition influence the extent of burn-on. Analysis of the model confirmed that a 1:1 ratio of natural and activated graphite in the coating filler is optimal.

keywords Cast iron, non-stick coating, graphite, mathematical model, burn-on, liquid glass mixture, cold-hardening mixture, step test
References

1. Kidalov N. A., Adamova A. S., Grigorieva N. V., Kim M. B. Non-stick coating for casting molds. Liteynoe proizvodstvo. 2022. No. 8. pp. 9–12.
2. Brooks B. E., Beckermann C., Richards V. L. Prediction of burn-on and mould penetration in steel casting using simulation. International Journal of Cast Metals Research. 2007. Vol. 20. Iss. 4. pp. 177–190.
3. Sertuch J., Lacaze J. Casting Defects in Sand-Mold Cast Irons – An Illustrated. Review with Emphasis on Spheroidal Graphite Cast Irons. Metals. 2022. Vol. 12. pp. 504.
4. Marukovich E. I., Nikolaychik Yu. A., Hou Ya. Improving the quality of castings manufactured in disposable sand molds by analyzing the causes of potential defects. Foundry production and metallurgy: collection of papers of the 32nd International scientific and technical conference, November 20-22, Minsk. Minsk: Izdatelstvo BNTU, 2024. pp. 16–24.
5. Khudonogov S. A. Prospects for the use of graphite-containing sludge for production of composite coatings. Izvestiya vysshikh uchebnykh zavedeniy. Poroshkovaya metallurgiya i funktsionalnye pokrytiya. 2024. Vol. 18, No. 5. pp. 66–74.
6. Ragimova K. E. Improving the anti-stick properties of steel castings by using industrial technogenic waste in molding mixtures. Vestnik mashinostroeniya. 2021. No. 10. pp. 74–76.
7. Nikolaychik Yu. A., Rudnitsky F. I., Bataychuk A. V. et al. Analysis of methods for preventing burning on the surface of steel and cast iron castings. Lityo i metallurgiya. 2015. No. 1 (78). pp. 23–28.
8. Marukovich E. I., Nikolaychik Yu. A. Classification of casting surface defects and analysis of the causes of their formation. Foundry production and metallurgy: collection of papers of the 33rd International scientific and technical conference. Minsk: Izdatelstvo BNTU, 2025. pp. 24–33.
9. Turakhodzhaev N. D. U., Khodzhibekova Sh. M. K., Madaliev S. D. Development of technology for reducing the of burnt-on deposits formation on the steel castings surface in sand-clay molds. Universum: tekhnicheskie nauki. 2025. Vol. 3, No. 12 (141). pp. 53–56.
10. Gilmanshina T. R., Dubova I. V., Vasyunina N. V. , Kovaleva A. A. Analysis of physical-chemical processes occurring on the boundary between the melt and non-stick coating. CIS Iron and Steel Review. 2021. Vol. 21. pp. 38–42.
11. Tikhonov N. F., Strelnikov I. A. Application of non-stick coatings for casting molds and cores to prevent burning on castings. Sovremennye innovatsii, sistemy i tekhnologii. 2025. No. 5 (3). pp. 2001–2007. DOI: 10.47813/2782-2818-2025-5-3-2001-2007
12. Illarionov I. E., Smirnov E. A., Zhirkov E. N. et al. Development of non-stick coatings for casting molds and cores using borate compounds. Liteynoe proizvodstvo. 2024. No. 5. pp. 14–17.
13. Gilmanshina T. R., Illarionov I. E., Kovaleva A. A., Borisyuk V. A. Study of the depth of penetration of self-heating non-stick coatings in cold-hardening mixtures. Chernye Metally. 2019. No. 1. pp. 21–25.
14. Illarionov I. E., Kaftannikov A. S., Nuraliev F. A., Gilmanshina T. R. Evaluation of burn value on the surface of iron castings. Chernye Metally. 2018. No. 8. pp. 23–28.
15. Inverted light microscopes AxioObserver.A1m, AxioObserver.D1m, AxioObserver.Z1m, AxioObserver 3, AxioObserver 5, AxioObserver 7. Operating instructions, section 3. Available at: www.ktopoverit.ru/prof/opisanie/62701-15.pdf?ysclid=mm4hac5y4m868291909 (accessed: 27.02.2026).
16. Carrot C., Bendaoud A., Pillon C. Polyvinyl butyral. Handbook of thermoplastics. USA: CRC Press, 2016. pp. 89–137.
17. Fahmy A., Anis B., Szymoniak P. et al. Graphene Oxide/Polyvinyl Alcohol – Formaldehyde Composite Loaded by Pb Ions: Structure and Electrochemical Performance. Polymers. Modern Innovations, Systems and Technologies. 2022. Vol. 14 (11). p. 2303. DOI: 10.3390/polym14112303
18. Smirnov N. N., Yudina T. F., Ershova T. V. et al. Features of mechanochemical oxidation of graphite. Khimiya i khimicheskaya tekhnologiya. 2014. Vol. 57, Iss. 5. pp. 21–25.
19. Yudina T. F., Bratkov I. V., Smirnov N. N., et al. The influence of mechanochemical activation on the composition of surface groups of carbon-graphite materials. Khimiya i khimicheskaya tekhnologiya. 2013. Vol. 56, Iss. 7. pp. 38–41.

Language of full-text russian
Full content Buy
Back