Institute of Strength Physics and Materials Science, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences (Tomsk, Russia)

S. A. Barannikova, Dr. Phys.-Math., Prof., Leading Researcher, bsa@ispms.ru
G. V. Shlyakhova, Cand. Eng., Researcher, shgv@ispms.ru

The article presents studies of the mechanical characteristics and changes in the ultrasound propagation velocity (Rayleigh waves) during plastic deformation of low-carbon sheet steel 20. Before uniaxial tensile testing, the specimens were tempered at 600 °C for three hours and then cooled in the furnace. The aim of the work is to study the effect of testing temperature (from +20 °C to -80 °C) on the deformation behavior of steel using in situ ultrasonic testing and double-exposure speckle photography. The ultrasound velocity was measured using the pulse autocirculation method. Correlations were established between the ultrasound propagation velocity, tensile strength, yield strength, and impact toughness. It is shown that the Rayleigh wave parameters depend on temperature in both the unloaded and loaded states, starting from the yield point and up to failure. The kinetics of deformation processes at the yield plateau were recorded using speckle photography, which allows for the detection of regions where material deformation is localized for a given increase in the total elongation of the specimen. A decrease in temperature leads to an increase in the accumulated strain at the yield plateau, an increase in the flow stress, and an increase in the Rayleigh wave velocity. A smooth yield plateau and continuous movement of the localization front are observed for all temperatures studied. A relationship was established between the propagation velocity of Lüders fronts and the change in the ultrasound propagation velocity at the yield plateau. Rayleigh wave propagation velocities were calculated for critical points indicating the onset of plasticity and pre-fracture, as well as for identifying the ultimate states of grade 20 steel in the studied temperature range.
This work was carried out within the framework of the state assignment of the Institute of Strength Physics and Materials Science SB RAS, project FWRW-2026-0006.

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