Design Bureau, VNIKTIneftekhimoborudovanie (Volgograd, Russia)
M. V. Efimov, Chief Designer, fetkatty@mail.ru
Volgograd State Technical University (Volgograd, Russia)
N. A. Kidalov, Dr. Eng., Prof., Head of the Dept. of Foundry Machines and Technology
N. I. Gabelchenko, Cand. Eng., Associate Prof., Dept. of Foundry Machines and Technology
The paper presents the results of studies on the influence of heat treatment modes and chemical composition on the structure of cast specimens made of structural unalloyed and low-alloy steels 20L, 20GML and 20GSL. The influence of repeated normalization and the presence of alloying elements in steels on the appearance of zones of increased pearlite concentration in the structures of cast specimens is established. The results of microstructural studies of 20L, 20GML and 20GSL steel specimens subjected to heat treatment under various modes are shown. The studies were performed to determine the total and local concentrations of silicon, molybdenum, nickel and manganese in the section of the specimen structure with a zone of increased pearlite concentration and outside it using the method of quantitative local electron probe elemental determination. Temperature ranges for repeated normalization leading to the appearance of pearlite zones with an increased concentration of molybdenum and manganese in the structures of cast specimens are established.
1. Lashchinsky A. A., Tolchinsky A. R. Fundamentals of design and calculation of chemical equipment: Handbook. 4th edition, reprinted. Moscow : Alyans, 2011. 752 p.
2. Timonin A. S. Fundamentals of design and calculation of chemical-engineering and environmental protection equipment: Handbook. Vol. 1. Kaluga: Izdatelstvo N. Bochkarevoy, 2002. 850 p.
3. Encyclopedic Dictionary of Metallurgy: In 2 volumes. Russian Academy of Sciences. Baikov Institute of Metallurgy and Materials Science. Vol. 1: А–О. Moscow : Intermet Inzhiniring, 2000. 411 p.
4. Tarasyev Yu. I., Semenova E. S., Kolpishon E. Yu. et al. Development of large-sized cast ingots 20GML for pipeline valve parts. Truboprovodnaya armatura i oborudovanie. 2012. No. 1 (58). pp. 36–37.
5. Ayadi S., Hadji A. Effect of Chemical Composition and Heat Treatments on the Microstructure and Wear Behavior of Manganese Steel. Inter Metalcast. 2021. Vol. 15. pp. 510–519.
6. Huang W. A thermodynamic assessment of the Fe-Mn-C system. Metall. Trans. 1990. A 21. pp. 2115–2123.
7. Xiao Z., Tongbang A., Chengyong M., Lixin, L. Effect of manganese content on the impact toughness and corrosion resistance of deposited metals of weathering steel. Materials and technology. 2020. Vol. 54. pp. 189–195.
8. Zhide Z., Zhongran S., Zemin W. (et al). Effect of Manganese on the Strength–Toughness Relationship of Low-Carbon Copper and Nickel-Containing Hull Steel. Materials. 2024. Vol. 17 (5), p. 1012.
9. Smarygina I. V., Aleshchenko A. S., Antoshchenko A. E., Kaputkina L. M. Structure and properties of hot-rolled seamless pipes made of carbon and low-alloy steels after heat treatment. Chernye Metally. 2024. No. 4. pp. 55–62.
10. Goli-Oglu E. A., Alistaev A. N., Ilyinsky V. I. et al. Features of forming microstructure and mechanical properties of low-alloy steel using different routes of thermomechanical controlled process. Chernye Metally. 2013. No. 12 (984). pp. 19–26.
11. Sokolov R. A., Novikov V. F., Muratov K. R., Venediktov A. N. Evaluation of influence of steel structure dispersion on magnetic and mechanical properties. Obrabotka metallov: tekhnologiya, oborudovanie, instrumenty. 2021. No. 4. pp. 93–106.
12. Dobrynina A. V., Khramovsky Yu. V. The influence of manganese on mechanical properties of low-carbon cast steels. Liteyshchik Rossii. 2010. No. 3. pp. 29–31.
13. Babkin V. G., Dobrynina A. V., Baranov V. N. Optimization of low-carbon steel composition. Liteynoe proizvodstvo. 2003. No. 2. pp. 8–10.
14. Silman G. I. Alloys of the Fe-C-Mn system. Part 4. Features of structure formation in manganese and high-manganese steels. Metallovedenie i termicheskaya obrabotka metallov. 2006. No. 1 (607). pp. 3–7.
15. Sichikov M. F. Metals in turbine construction. 2nd edition, revised and enlarged. Moscow: Mashinostroenie, 1974. 288 p.
16. Perevay T. A. Powder metallurgy: textbook. Sevastopol: SevSU, 2024. 81 p.
17. Krasheninnikova N. G., Alibekov S. Ya., Fetisov G. P. Fundamentals of powder metallurgy technology: tutorial. Yoshkar-Ola: PSTU, 2016. 286 p.
18. Fomin V. V. Hydroerosion of metals. Moscow: Mashinostroenie, 1977. 287 p.
19. Fedulov V. N. Evaluation of the influence of a consistent increase in the molybdenum content in the composition of 78GMFS steel on its hardenability and properties. Lityo i metallurgiya. 2006. No. 2. pp. 142–145
20. Efimov M. V., Gabelchenko N. I., Kidalov N. A. et al. Optimization of heat treatment modes for 20GML steel ingots operating at temperatures down to minus 40 °C. Tekhnologiya metallov. 2023. No. 11. pp. 2–9.
21. Efimov M. V., Gabelchenko N. I., Kidalov N. A. et al. Optimization of heat treatment modes for 20GML steel ingots operating at temperatures down to minus 60 °C. Tekhnologiya metallov. 2025. No. 1. pp. 2–10.