The Tajikistan Republic has large and various resources of mineral raw materials. More than 600 deposits of silver, gold, lead, zinc, bismuth, iron, stannum, antimony, tungsten, strontium, quartzy sands, rock-salts, faced ore and gray granites, marbles, building stone, plaster-stone, perlites, brown and black coals and other useful minerals have been founded, explored and prepared to development at present time. The paper describes overview of mineral raw materials resources and the ways of its rational usage in the country economics have been shown. It has been noticed, that existent amount of resources is insufficient for power increasing of mining branch of economics and for raising its contribution in volume of Gross Domestic Product of the country, simultaneously solving the actual problem of employment of population.