Turkmenistan has a lot of deposits of different useful minerals. The general natural wealth of the country is oil and gas. Turkmenistan has leading position in the world as country with rich oil and essentially gas resources. Mineral raw materials base of solid useful minerals of Turkmenistan has been presented by more than 170 deposits with approved reserves, included celestite, mineral salts, kaolin, native sulphur, coal, bentonite, ozokerite, technogenetics baritesbearing formations, natural pigments, carbonate raw materials for soda production, barites, marble onyx and different building materials. As well as there are two deposits of sodium sulphate in buried salt brines of Karabogazgol creek. In facilities development there are deposits, using as raw material base for building materials production. The paper shows condition of mineral raw material base of Turkmenistan and problems, restrictive effective development of mineral resources and improvement of extraction volumes. It has been noticed the necessity of revaluation of mineral raw-material base and elaboration of global programs of mining branch development in the country.