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ArticleName Refractory raw materials — developments, trends, availability
ArticleAuthor A. Baaske, D. Dübers, R. Fandrich, J. Pischke, P. Quirmbach, L. Schöttler.
ArticleAuthorData Eng. A. Baaske, Department of Refractory, ThyssenKrupp Steel Europe AG, Duisburg; Eng. D. Dübers, Head of Department of Furnaces and Refractories, ThyssenKrupp VDM GmbH, Unna; Dr. Eng. R. Fandrich, Manager of Steel Production and the Theory of Metallurgical Processes, Steel Institute VDEh, Düsseldorf; Eng. J. Pischke, Head of Department of the Technological Equipment of Metallurgical Enterprises, Salzgitter Flachstahl GmbH, Salzgitter; Prof., Dr. Nat. P. Quirmbach, Director of German Institute of Refractories and Ceramics, Bonn; Eng. L. Schöttler, Head of Department of the Technological Equipment, Deutsche Edelstahlwerke GmbH, Siegen; reinhard.fandrich@vdeh.de
Abstract

Typical refractory materials for the steel industry are examined, among them sintered bauxite, andalusite, corundum with chromium content, white corundum, silicon carbide, tabu lar aluminium. Efficient refractories are indispensable for steel production: analysis for the German practice is given. They are a precondition for the advancement of the steelmaking technology. Sensitivity of lining regarding disturbances on the example of refractory lifetime in 2009 at Dillinger Hüttenwerke is displayed. At present and in the foreseeable future, the situation on the resourcing markets for refractory raw materials remains tight. Increasing costs of refractory raw materials in 2010 are shown. Decisive bottlenecks consist of bauxite, magnesite and chromium sand. Refractory alternatives to bauxite and magnesite are discussed. Development of anti-clogging SEN’s for alumina-killed steels is researched, clogging structures were observed by electron backscattering microscopy. Change of MgO–C bricks in barrel of a ladle by dolomite bricks is examined from points of view of costs and lifetime. Magnesite mining intensity, production and resources worldwide are examined. This review article points out the consequences and tailored alternatives. Furthermore, it sketches the present trends of refractories technology.
keywords Refractories, raw materials, bauxite, dolomite, magnesite, corundum, aluminium, silicon, clogging, lifetime, resources, ladles, bricks.
References

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