Seversk Technological Institute of National Research Nuclear University “MEPhI”

B. P. Belozerov, Professor, e-mail: belozerov@ssti.ru

I. Yu. Rusakov, Assistant Professor

A. N. Zhiganov, Professor

National Research Tomsk Polytechnic University

G. G. Andreev, Head of the Institute, Professor

Tomsk Atomic Center

Yu. F. Kobzar, Director

The main requirement to desublimators is maximum extraction of the target product from vapor and gas mixture entering an apparatus. This is utterly important in the field of radiochemical industry for the uranium reprocessing. The mechanisms of desublimation were thoroughly considered. It is known that in technological equipment desublimation takes place on the chilled surfaces of apparatus, and its volume is equal to the space around these surfaces. It was found that the major reason for the product loss is the carry-out of aerosols created in the result of volume sublimation. We have considered the desublimation units used both in chemical and radiochemical industries. The schemes of superficial desublimators with mechanically renewed surface, heat relief from desublimator, advanced heat exchange surface and heated outside wall were described in this work. The analysis of work of the desublimator with “warm” outside wall showed that on its inside chilled surface and on the joint ribs there is a superficial desublimation of products vapors. Some part of the target product in the volume of the space between the ribs makes aerosols. They sublimate secondly, going through the gap between the partition and the heated wall, and the process multiply repeats. Before exiting from the apparatus the vapor and gas mixture has the concentration of product below the critical, and the desublimation in the volume does not occure. On the basis of the thorough analysis of the existing desublimation constructions a new desublimator with two heated walls preventing wastes of the product was proposed. Our desublimation unites were confirmed by many patents.

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2. Amelin A. G. Teoreticheskie osnovy obrazovaniya tumana pri kondensatsii para (Theoretical Fundamentals of the Fog Formation during Vapor Condensation). Moscow, 1972.
3. Gushchin A. A., Kobzar Yu. F. and etc. Razrabotka konstruktsii mnogokamernogo kondensatora s teploy stenkoy dlya sublimatsii-desublimatsii vysokoobogashchennogo geksaftorida urana (Construction of design of multichamber condenser with thermal wall for sublimation-desublimation of highly enriched uranium hexafluoride). Sb. dokl. 5-y NTK Sibirskogo khimicheskogo kombinata. 20–22 oktyabrya 1998 g. (Collection of Reports of the 5^th Scientific and Technical Conference of the Siberian Chemical Combine. October 20-22, 1998). Seversk, 1999.
4. Smolkin P. A., Buynovskiy A. S., Lazarchuk V. V., Matveev A. A. Sovremennye neorganicheskie ftoridy (INTERSIBFLUORINE — 2008) : sb. trudov III Mezhd. Sibirskogo seminara ISIF – 2008 po khimii i tekhnologii sovremennykh neorganicheskikh ftoridov. 1–6 sentyabrya 2008 (Contemporary Inorganic Fluorides : collected papers of the III International Siberian Seminar INTERSIBFLUORINE – 2008 on Chemistry and Technology of the Up-to-date Inorganic Fluorides, September 1-6, 2008). Vladivostok, 2008. pp. 234–238.
5. Belozerov B. P., Brendakov V. N. and etc. Tezisy dokladov Mezhdunarodnoy prakticheskoy konferentsii «Snezhinsk i nauka». 29 maya 2000 g. (Abstracts of reports of the International Practical Conference “Snezhinsk and the Science”. May 29, 2000). Snezhinsk, 2000. pp. 20–203.
6. Smolkin P. A., Lazarchuk V. V., Buynovskiy A. S. and etc. «Sovremennye neorganicheskie ftoridy» (INTERSIBFLUORINE — 2006) : sb. trudov II Mezhdunar. Sibirskogo seminara, 11–16 iyunya 2006 g. (Contemporary Inorganic Fluorides : collected papers of the II International Siberian Seminar INTERSIBFLUORINE – 2006 on Chemistry and Technology of the Up-to-date Inorganic Fluorides, June 11-16, 2006). Tomsk, 2006. pp 140–145.
7. Patent 2143940 RF, MPK B 01 D 7/00. Sublimatsionnyy apparat (Sublimation unit). Belozerov B. P., Volodin A. N., Gushchin A. A. and etc. ; published 20.01.2000, Bulletin No. 1.
8. Patent 2336112 RF, MPK B 01 D 7/00; C 01 G 43/06. Desublimatsionnyy apparat (Desublimation unit). Rusakov I. Yu., Khokhlov V. A., Gushchin A. A., Belozerov B. P. ; published 20.10.2008, Bulletin No. 29.
9. Patent 2339423 RF, MPK B 01 D 7/00. Kondensator-isparitel statsionarnyy (Stationary condenser-reboiler). Rusakov I. Yu., Khokhlov V. A., Gushchin A. A., Belozerov B. P. ; asserted 04.07.2007; published 27.11.2008, Bulletin No. 33.
10. Patent 2394624 RF, MPK B 01 D 7/00. Kondensator-isparitel statsionarnyy (Stationary condenser-reboiler). Rusakov I. Yu., Gushchin A. A., Matveev A. A., Peshkichev Yu. E. ; holder of patent OJSC “Siberian Chemical Combine” ; asserted 02.03.2009 ; published 20.07.2010, Bulletin No. 20.