Ural Federal University named after the first president of Russia B. N. Yeltsin, Ekaterinburg, Russia:

I. D. Kashcheev, Head of a Chair of Chemical Technology of Ceramics and Refractories

K. G. Zemlyanoy, Senior Lecturer, Chair of Chemical Technology of Ceramics and Refractories, e-mail: kir77766617@yandex.ru

V. N. Nevedimov, Assistant Professor, Chair of Theory of Metallurgical Processes 

I. O. Garenskikh, Student, Chair of Heavy Non-Ferrous Metals Metallurgy 

Over the last decade, refractory industry has mastered the production of new generation of refractory materials, based on pure, enriched and synthetic raw materials, high-calcined and processed materials, which properties differ from the previously-produced ones. In this regard, research durability of new generation refractories to destructive metallurgical production factors became relevant. In the present work, there are investigated the magnesia-chromite refractories, produced in Russia and abroad (OX6RI, RHI AG), after their use in main chute of shaft smelting furnace. Zone structure of waste products was observed. The greatest changes occurred in the work area (110–160 mm thickness), saturated with iron-silicate and sulfide melts. Decrease in the number of basic refractory phases (periclase, chrome spinellid) in OX6RI grade products is less than 5%, while this decrease in magnesia-chromite refractories is 15–20%, which explains the stability of products. Viscosity and chemical composition of copper smelting slags, taken at different times of melting process, were studied. The temperature dependence of viscosity was obtained. Viscosity is increased by substitution of SiO₂ or additional introduction in aluminum oxide. There was studied the viscosity and chemical composition of copper smelting slags from different period of furnace operation. The temperature dependence of industrial toxins' viscosity was determined together with investigation of its regulation possibility. There was established that the substitution in the slag part of SiO2 or additional introduction of molten slag of aluminum oxide contributes to increase of its viscosity, which reduces the ability of the slag to saturate the lining and increases the lining durability.

1. Kashcheev I. D., Strelov K. K., Mamykin P. S. Khimicheskaya tekhnologiya ogneuporov (Chemical technology of refractories). Moscow : Intermet Engineering, 2007. 752 p. 

2. Kashcheev I. D. Ogneupory dlya promyshlennykh agregatov i topok : spravochnik. V dvukh tomakh (Refractories for industrial aggregates and firechambers : reference book. In two volumes). Moscow : Intermet Engineering, 2000.

3. Gotenko S. N., Ladeyshchikov A. V., Sergeev V. A. Ekspluatatsiya ogneuporov v furmennoy zone konvertorov (Exploitation of refractories in tyuere zone of converters). Sbornik materialov nauchno-prakticheskoy konferentsii “Sozdanie vysokoeffektivnykh proizvodstv na predpriyatiyakh gorno-metallurgicheskogo kompleksa” (Collection of materials of scientific-practical conference “Creation of high-efficient productions at mining-metallurgical enterprises”). Ekaterinburg : Uralskiy Rabochiy, 2013. 260 p.

4. Kashcheev I. D., Zemlyanoy K. G., Malikov Yu. K., Sablin A. E. Opytnopromyshlennye ispytaniya ogneuporov v otrazhatelnoy pechi OAO “Svyatogor” (Experimental-industrial testings of refractories in reverberatory furnace of JSC “Svyatogor”). Tsvetnye Metally = Non-ferrous metals. 2014. No. 1. pp. 41–44. 

5. Slovikovskiy V. V., Gulyaeva A. V. Effektivnoe primenenie SVS-materialov v futerovkakh teplovykh agregatov tsvetnoy metallurgii (Efficient application of SHS-materials in linings of thermal aggregates of non-ferrous metallurgy). Novye ogneupory = New refractories. 2012. No. 2. pp. 4–7. 

6. Slovikovskiy V. V., Gulyaeva A. V. Futerovka gorizontalnykh mednonikelevykh konvertorov povyshennoy stoykosti (Lining of horizontal coppernickel industrial resistance converters). Novye ogneupory = New refractories. 2013. No. 11. pp. 39–42. 

7. Slovikovskiy V. V., Gulyaeva A. V. Effektivnye uglerodsoderzhashchie futerovki dlya vysokotemperaturnykh agregatov tsvetnoy metallurgii (Efficient carbon-containing linings for high-temperature non-ferrous metallurgy
aggregates). Novye ogneupory = New refractories. No. 4. pp. 43–46. 

8. Kashcheev I. D. Ogneupornaya futerovka pechey tsvetnoy metallurgii (Refractory lining of non-ferrous metallurgy furnaces). Tsvetnye Metally = Non-ferrous metals. 2004. No. 10. pp. 69–71. 

9. Shtangelmayer S. V., Prusov V. A., Bogachev V. A. Usovershenstvovanie metodiki izmereniya vyazkosti rasplavov vibratsionnym viskozimetrom (Improvement of method of change of melts' viscosity by vibration
viscosimeter). Zavodskaya laboratoriya = Industrial laboratory. 1985. Vol. 51, No. 9. pp. 56–57. 

10. Kashcheev I. D. Korrozionnoustoychivye ogneupornye materialy dlya metallurgicheskikh proizvodstv : avtoreferat dissertatsii ... doktora tekhnicheskikh nauk (Corrosion-resistance refractory materials for metallurgical productions : thesis of inauguration of dissertation of Doctor of Engineering Sciences). Ekaterinburg : Publishing House of Ural Pohytechnic Institute, 1996. 52 p. 

11. Fadeev O. N., Kashcheev I. D., Mokeev Yu. A., Kuzminykh A. P., Verzilov A. P., Kudryavtsev T. N. Ispytaniya zashchitnogo pokrytiya ogneupornoy futerovki medeplavilnykh konvertorov (Testings of protective coating of refractory lining of copper-smelting converters). Ogneupory = Refractories. 1981. No. 5. pp. 29–33.

12. Ermolaeva E. V., Mironyan M. M. Nekotorye dannye o svoystvakh zheleznykh rasplavov (Data about the properties of iron melts). Byulleten nauchno-tekhnicheskoy informatsii = Bulletin of scientific-technical information. 1959. No. 6. pp. 95–101.