Kharkov Polytechnical Institute (Kharkov, Ukraine):

Zhurilo A. G., Cand. Eng., Ass. Prof., e-mail: zhurilo.alla@ukr.net
Zhurilo D. Yu., Cand. Eng., Ass. Prof, e-mail: zhurilo.d@yandex.ru
Rudnev A. V., Scientific Fellow

The first cutting tools made of diff erent alloys have been examined. The modern classification of cutting materials is presented. It is described how machine-building as the individual industrial branch was established as a result of creation of a steam machine. It was accompanied by elevation of consumption of metal products not only for individual customers, but also for satisfaction of industrial demands. In its turn, it has caused strong increase of demand for metal and has led to development of turning technologies, appearance of weaving, forging, pressing and other equipment. Different steels were required for these purposes, i.e. steels for cutting tools. Improvement of properties of these steels stipulated severe decrease of cost of mechanical processing and to substantial expanding of usage of this material in machine-building and other industries.

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